Data and Source of the Data

34 Table 2. The Table List of the Data for The Causes of Amy’s Personality Disorder No. Quotation of the Data Page Category Meaning

E. Data Analysis

In order to analyze the data, the researcher follows six steps of designing qualitative research as stated by Creswell 2009: 185. The six steps applied during the research are as follows. 1. Identifying the data collected from the novel. 2. Arranging the data according to the two major topics which are the actions and behaviors of Amy Dunne that reflect her personality disorder and the causes of Amy’s personality disorder in Flynn’s Gone Girl. 3. Categorizing the data in the table list according to the topics. The first topic, which is actions and behaviors of Amy Dunne that reflect her personality disorder, is categorized to seven categories: failure to conform social norms, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability and aggressiveness, reckless disregard for safety of self or others, consistent irresponsibility, and lack of remorse. The second topic, which is the causes of Amy’s personality disorder, is categorized to five categories: genetics, childhood trauma, verbal abuse, high reactivity, and peers. 35 4. Sorting the data by classifying the relevant ones and excluding the irrelevant ones. Then, the data were interpreted according to the topics. 5. Relating the description of the data with the theory in order to get the findings to the objective. 6. Interpreting the findings based on the researcher’s understanding about the theory.

F. Data Trustworthiness

According to Cresswell Miller in Cresswell, 2009: 191, data trustworthiness is one of the strengths of qualitative research since it is concluded based on the standpoint of the researcher, participant, and or the readers. In order to achieve the trustworthiness of the research, there are many kinds of strategies which can be used. In this research, the researcher used three strategies to achieve data trustworthiness. First of all, the researcher checked the data of the research so they matched with the theories used. Second, the researcher kept re-reading the data until she was assured that the data had valid interpretation. Last, the researcher also did peer debriefing to achieve the trustworthiness of the research. Cresswell 2009, 192 states that peer debriefer is a person who is located to review and ask questions about the research so the same understanding of related topic could be gained between the researcher and the debriefer. For this research, the researcher selected two of her friends who are also students of English Literature department and majoring in Literature to be the debriefer of the research. A