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even the following days. This stability makes him labeled as a talkative person. Secondly, personality is consistent, without depending on the circumstances. A
talkative man might talk a lot when he meets either his old or new friends, when he is in restaurant, classroom, or other circumstances. The man will be talkative anytime
that it makes him judged as a talkative person. Lastly, personality is unique. Even though there are two men who are talkative, it does not mean that they have the same
personality. There will be other combinations of personality that make each of them unique. For example, the first man might be actually talkative but shy when he meets
a new circle. On the other hand, the second man is talkative but brave enough to greet new people. These three elements of personality can be seen as humans grow.
Since they were babies, humans develop personality. There are many factors which can affect the development of personality. Basically, the factors that affect
personality disorder are hereditary factors and also environmental factors O’Neil: 2006, par.1. According to O’Neil www.anthro.palomar.edu: 2006, par.2, hereditary
holds the most important role in developing personality because children inherit genes from parents. Therefore, it is more likely for the children to inherit their
parents’ personality. O’Neil www.anthro.palomar.edu: 2006, par.3 also states that the environment where people live also affects personality development. For
example, children who are raised in an well-organized family might have different personality from children who are raised by alcoholic parents. If both hereditary and
environment support one another, it is possible for the children to develop normal personality.
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The factors above can be a significant trigger that shapes a person’s personality. Besides, in the middle of the process of developing personality, there
might also be incidents that can make the person deviates from the expectations of individual’s culture. This is when a person is diagnosed with personality disorder.
C. Personality Disorder
When a person develops personality, he or she should be able to fulfill culture’s expectation. Fulfilling culture’s expectation means the person should be able
to live in harmony according to the culture of the area where he or she lives. Therefore, the person would not cause any discomfort to the other people around him
or her. When a person has fulfilled culture’s expectation, it will make him or her able to communicate and socialize with other people. However, the process of developing
personality in oneself does not always go smoothly. In some conditions the person might face problems that make him deviate from the culture’s expectation. It is when
the person is diagnosed as having personality disorder. Personality disorder is different from mental disorder. Christmas 2008: 3 states the difference between
mental disorder and personality disorder lays on their representation. People with mental disorder show alteration in normal function so that they
seem to be abnormal, while people with personality disorder look like normal but actually they have excessive traits in themselves. Besides, people with mental
disorder used to be normal and they change because of certain condition. It is different from people with personality disorder who are consistent in showing
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patterns of personality disorder Christmas, 2008: 3. People who have personality disorder tend to break social norms and rules. Therefore, they are likely to raise
problems to other people’s life. It causes them to be difficult to live with other people. According to American Psychiatric Association 2000: 629 in Diagnostic
and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders – IV DSM – IV, personality disorder is defined as
An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible,
has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment.
The enduring pattern mentioned in the definition above should be manifested in the individual’s cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, and impulse
control American Psychiatric Association, 2000: 630. If the individual has shown the enduring pattern on at least two of those areas, he or she can be suspected as
having personality disorder. The diagnosis of personality disorder should be done by evaluating individual’s enduring pattern in a long-term period and the features have
to be evident since early adulthood American Psychiatric Association, 2000: 630. The enduring pattern shown by the individual is often referred as personality traits.
American Psychiatric Association 2000: 630 defines personality traits as enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself
that are exhibited in a wide range of social and personal contexts. Besides the traits, the criteria of each personality disorder should be examined on the individual as well.
