will give suggestions for the lecturers to arrange their own classroom and future students based on the needs which can support teaching and learning process.
3. Students who join Public Speaking I class It is expected that the students are more encouraged when they follow
teaching and learning process because the seating arrangement may play an important role in creating atmosphere which can make the students feel comfortable in the class.
4. Future Researchers It is hoped that observers, experts and people who are interested in classroom
management especially seating arrangement may be inspired by the outcome of this research to conduct further studies in a wider scope.
G. Definition of Terms
In this study, the researcher uses the terms perception, traditional seating arrangement and Public Speaking I because those terms become the main points of
this research that is the students’ and lectures’ perceptions on the traditional seating arrangement in Public Speaking I class at Sanata Dharma University.
1. Perception
According to Altman, et al 1985: 85 perception defined as “the way how people select and group the stimuli so that they can interpret the stimuli
meaningfully.” In other words, perception is how the people give meaning to their environment by interpreting the stimuli. “The effect of knowledge and experience are
in themselves liable to produce selective perception and the funneling of attention to objects and events about which special knowledge and experience have been
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acquired” Vernon, 1971: 217. In this study, the word ‘perception’ is related to the seating arrangement in the teaching and learning activities. Then the researcher would
like to focus the study on the students’ and lecturers’ perceptions on the traditional seating arrangement in Public speaking I class at Sanata Dharma University.
2. Traditional seating arrangement
In this study, traditional seating arrangement is the seating arrangement in all classes at Sanata Dharma University. Alexandra Ramsden 1999: 2 points out that
“desk rows are a traditional classroom seating arrangement of several rows of desks facing the teacher.” The student’s desks do not touch each other but are arranged in
rows and columns. In this study, the researcher would like to emphasize that what she focuses on this study is the traditional seating arrangement at Sanata Dharma
University. There are advantages and disadvantages using the traditional seating
arrangement. According to Don Clark 2001: 1 and Ramsden 1999: 2, the traditional seating arrangement is best used for short lectures. The teacher is often
difficult to interact with all of the students especially with the students who sit in the back rows. This arrangement is not appropriate for the group discussion and the
teaching process tends to be one way because the teacher only gives the lecture and seldom interacts with the students.
3. Public Speaking I
In this study, Public Speaking I is one of the compulsory courses offered in English Education Study Program which trains the students to be able to
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