For Future researcher SUGGESTIONS

REFERENCES Adams, Raymond S. Biddle, Bruce J. 1970. Realities of Teaching: Explorations with Video Tape . New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Altman, S., Valenzi, E., hodgetts, R.M. 1985. Organizational Behaviour: Theory and Practice . Florida: Academic Press, Inc. Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., Razavieh, A. 1990. Introduction to Research in Education. 4 th Ed. Florida: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc. Borich, Gary D. 1996. Cooperative Learning and the collaborative Process. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Brown, Douglas H. 2001. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy .2 nd Ed. San Francisco: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Chaney, A.L., and T.L. Burk. 1998. Teaching Oral Communication in Grades K-8. Boston: AllynBacon. Clark, Don. 2001. Training Room Design. http:www.nwlink.com~donclarkhrdseating.html accessed on March 30, 2001. Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. 2000. Research Methods in Education. 5 th Ed. New York: Routledge Falmer. Cusick, Nicole.1999. Typical Classroom Seating Arrangements in US Elementary Schools. http:ematusov.soe.udel.eduEDUC390.99F accessed on January 23, 1999. Dosen-dosen PBI USD .2006. Panduan akademik program studi bahasa Inggris untuk dosen dan mahasiswa. Yogyakarta:Universitas Sanata Dharma. Fraenkel, J.R, Wallen, n.E. 1993. How to Design and evaluate Research in Education . New York: McGraw Hill, Inc. Gerlach, Vernon S. 1980. Teaching Media a systematic approach. 2 nd Ed.. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Good, Thomas L and Brophy, Jere E .1973. Looking in Classroom. New York: Harper and Row Publisher. 81 Harmer, J. 1984. The Practice of English Language Teaching. London: Longman. Holtrop. 1997. Writing Lesson Plans: Seating Arrangement. http:unr.eduhomepageholtrop.htmlaccessed on December 21, 1997. Kayi, Hayriye. 2006. Teaching Speaking: Activities to Promote Speaking in a Second Language. http:unr.eduhomepagehayriyek accessed on November 11, 2006. Krech, David.1948. Theory and Problems of Social Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. Osland, Joyce S. 2001. The Organizational Behaviour Reader.Seventh Edition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. Ramsden, Alexandra. 1999. Seating Arrangements. http:ematusov.soe.udel.eduEDUC390.99F accessed on December 16, 1999. Robbins, Stephen P.1993. Organizational Behaviour Concepts, Controversies, Applications .7 th Ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. . 82 APPENDICES 83 Appendix 1 Questionnaire Class : Student number : This questionnaire is aimed to fulfill the data research about the traditional seating arrangement at Sanata Dharma University in Public Speaking class. Put a tick √ in the column which correspondent to the degree of agreement with the statement listed on the left 1=strongly disagree, 2=disagree, 3=agree, 4=strongly agree. Please do it honestly. Your answer will not affect your mark in this course. Traditional seating arrangement is a traditional classroom seating arrangement which consists of several rows of desks facing the teacher. So, the seating arrangements will consist of rows and columns . X Item number Statement Strongly disagree 1 Disagree 2 Agree 3 Strongly agree 4 No 1-6 are the questions when the students listen to the lecturer’s explanation in traditional seating arrangement 1 You can understand lecturer’s explanation well when you sit in the front row. IK03 Front Back Middle 84 2 You can understand lecturer’s explanation well when you sit in the middle row. 3 You can understand lecturer’s explanation well when you sit in the back row. 4 You are able to interact with your lecturer well when you sit in the front row 5 You are able to interact with your lecturer well when you sit in the middle row 6 You are able to interact with your lecturer well when you sit in the back row No 7-10 are the questions for group discussion in traditional seating arrangement 7 You do not mind if you have to move chairs or tables which are heavy for group discussion 8 You feel uncomfortable when you have to move from your first seat following your friends in the group. 9 You can interact with your friends easily in the group. 10 You can interact with your lecturer easily No. 11-14 are the questions for group performance in traditional seating arrangement. 11 You feel uncomfortable if you have to move chairs and tables to the front of the class for performing debate or roleplay. 12 You are able to focus on the other groups’ performance when you sit in the front row. 13 You are able to focus on the other groups’ performance when 85 you sit in the middle row. 14 You are able to focus on the other groups’ performance when you sit in the back row. Answer these questions: 1. Does the position of seating front, middle and back row in traditional seating arrangement influence you paying attention to the lecturers’ explanation? Explain your answer? ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… 2. Could you work in group well in traditional seating arrangement in public speaking class? Why? ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………… 3. What are your suggestions toward teaching and learning activities in traditional seating arrangement in the public speaking class? ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………. Thank You 86 Appendix 2 Interview lists for the Public Speaking 1 Lecturers 1. What are your perceptions of the conventional or traditional seating at Sanata Dharma University? 2. Do you think the conventionaltraditional seating arrangement is suitable for Public Speaking I class? 3. What are your suggestions for teaching and learning activities in the traditional seating arrangement in the Public Speaking I class? 4. How to make the best use of the traditional seating arrangement in your Public Speaking I class? 87 Appendix 3 Questionnaire Result of the Use Traditional Seating Arrangement in Public Speaking I Class Item numb. Statement SD D A SA SD D A SA No 1-6 are the questions when the students listen to the lecturer’s explanation in traditional seating arrangement 1 You can understand lecturer’s explanation well when you sit in the front row. 6 38 19 10 60 30 2 You can understand lecturer’s explanation well when you sit in the middle row. 6 52 5 10 82 8 3 You can understand lecturer’s explanation well when you sit in the back row. 7 30 23 3 11 48 36 5 4 You are able to interact with your lecturer well when you sit in the front row 3 40 20 5 63 32 5 You are able to interact with your lecturer well when you sit in the middle row 7 50 6 11 79 10 6 You are able to interact with your lecturer well when you sit in the back row 4 30 22 2 6 48 43 3 No 7-10 are the questions for group discussion in traditional seating arrangement 7 You do not mind if you have to move chairs or tables which are heavy for group discussion 1 17 33 12 2 27 52 19 8 You feel uncomfortable when you have to move from your first seat following your friends in the group. 9 39 15 14 62 24 88 9 You can interact with your friends easily in the group. 5 38 19 10 60 30 10 You can interact with your lecturer easily 11 47 5 17 75 8 No. 11-14 are the questions for group performance in traditional seating arrangement. 11 You feel uncomfortable if you have to move chairs and tables to the front of the class for performing debate or roleplay. 10 38 17 3 16 60 19 5 12 You are able to focus on the other groups’ performance when you sit in the front row. 4 41 18 6 65 29 13 You are able to focus on the other groups’ performance when you sit in the middle row. 9 53 2 14 83 3 14 You are able to focus on the other groups’ performance when you sit in the back row. 5 39 17 2 8 62 27 3 89 Appendix 4 Questionnaire Results of the Use of Traditional Seating Arrangement in Public Speaking I Class A. Does the position of seating front, middle and back row in traditional seating arrangement influence you paying attention to the lecturers’ explanation? Explain your answer 1. Yes, If I sit in the front, I usually pay attention to the lecturer. We are difficult to chat with our friends if we sit in the front row. 2. Yes, when the students sit in the front row, they can interact with the lecturer easily. 3. Yes, I prefer to sit in the middle row. If I sit in the front row, I feel nervous and uncomfortable. If I sit in the middle row, I can’t pay attention to the lecturer seriously. 4. Yes, I think whether we sit in the front or middle row is not a big problem for me, but I always have difficulties if I have to sit in the back row. 5. Of course, the position of seating influences me paying attention to lecturers. If I sit in the back row, I will get difficulties to focus on the lecturer. 6. Yes, the farther r we sit from the teacher, the less focus we can get because we can’t listen to the teacher when we sit in the back row. But students tend to sit in the back row; perhaps because they don’t like be dominated by the teacher so that they can talk freely with other students. Well, I think this kind of seating arrangement is no longer efficient because the front rows will be always empty. 7. Yes, because if I sit in the front I can more focus on the lecturer. If I sit in the back, I can’t focus on the lecturer. 8. I think it depends on ourselves, whenever we sit we can pay attention to the lecturer well. If we don’t concentrate, we usually can’t focus on the lecturer because there are many distractions for example: from our friends or noise from outside the class. 9. I think the position does not really influence in paying attention to the lecturers. It depends on our concentration. If we sit in the front row but we don’t concentrate, it will be useless. 10. Yes, it does. If we sit in the front row, we can pay attention to the lecturer seriously. I think position determines success. 11. Of course, because if we sit in the front row, we will directly pay attention to the lecturer’s explanation seriously. Even, if we do not really pay attention to the lecturer, we can still hear their voices. But the position of seating does not always affect our understanding because concentration can determine. 12. Yes, if we sit in the front row, there will be only few distractions. If we sit in the back row, there are many distractions. 90 13. Yes, it can influence my comfort. In my opinion, it doesn’t matter to sit everywhere as long as I have friends beside me. 14. Yes, the position like this is enjoyable and comfortable enough. I can write everything on the desk easily. 15. Yes, in the front row, we tend to pay attention to the lecturers’ explanation well rather than in the middle or back row. The previous both rows tend to make the students talk to theirs friends. 16. Yes it does. If I sit in the front row or middle row, I can understand lecturer’s explanation more clearly. 17. Yes, because when I sit in the front row, I usually focus on the lecturer, and I often don’t pay attention to the lecturer when I sit in the middle and back rows. 18. Yes, if I sit in the front row, I will pay more attention to the lecturers’ explanation more seriously better than in back row because when I sit in back row, I want to talk with my friend everytime. 19. The position of seating in traditional seating arrangement influences me in paying attention to the lecturers’ explanation because if we sit at back row, there are so many distractions. 20. Yes, because the students who sit in the back row are sometimes difficult to catch what the teacher teaches. 21. Yes, it does. But it depends on what students do in the class. 22. Yes, it does. Sitting in the front and middle row helps me to pay more attention to the lecturer more seriously. Sitting in the back row usually influences my concentration in paying attention to the lecturer because there are so many distractions there. 23. Yes, of course, there are too many distractions in the back row, so it is better to sit in the front row. If we want to pay attention to the lecturers’ explanation more seriously. 24. Yes, in the front row we can focus on the lecturers’ explanation well because we don’t be disturbed by the other students. 25. Yes of course because if we sit in back row we will prefer to choose chat with our friends than pay attention to the lecturer. 26. No, wherever the position of seating if the lecturer gives explanation clearly, we can follow the material well. But sometimes, we need good position of seating like in the front row if the lecturer can’t give clearly explanation. 27. Yes, it does because it will be different when I sit in the front or middle row and back row. I tend to have daydreaming when I sit in the back row. 28. Yes, when I sit in the back, sometimes my friend disturbs my attention. It can distract my concentration. 29. Yes, of course. If I sit in back row for the example, I can’t focus and pay attention totally to the lecturer and I tend to talk with other friends. 30. No it doesn’t, cause the lecturer has a clear voice and she is really aware of students’ condition, so she can make a clear instruction for all of the students. 91 31. Yes, because each position has different view when I pay attention to my lecturer especially speaking class. If I sit in the back I can’t really listen what my lecturer says little bit attention. 32. It depends on the students, how much they pay attention to the lecture. If students are very serious to join the lecturing. Sitting in front, middle, or front is OK. In fact, for them who are not serious when sitting in the front, they won’t pay attention to lecture’s explanation. 33. Yes because the rows except the front row can reduces the capacity of understanding. First, it can influence our attention to the lecturer and second, the view will be distracted by other friends’ body. 34. Yes, but it depends on the person. For me, it does not disturb me wherever I sit, but I rather to choose sit in the middle row. 35. Yes, but in this public speaking class, the lecturer asks us not to sit in the fourth row so that all of us can receive the lecturer’s explanation well. 36. Yes, because when you sit in the front row which is near to the lecturer, you will think twice if you want to talk to your friend. But it doesn’t happen when you are in the back row, you choose to talk with your friend than pay attention to the lecturer’s explanation. 37. Yes because if I sit in the back row, I will be sleepy easily and give less attention to the teacher’s explanation. 38. Yes, if we sit in the back row, I tend to talk with my friends. 39. Yes, it depends on the volume of the speaker. If I sit in the back row, it will be difficult for me to listen the speaker clearly. 40. No, it doesn’t because the position of seating doesn’t affect me in paying attention to the lecturer’s explanation. 41. Actually, it does not really influence my attention because it depends on me and the lecturers themselves. If they can explain well and I give all my attentions to them, the seating position is not a big problem. 42. No, it doesn’t influence me. It depends on the lecturer and class situation. 43. Yes of course. There are too many distractions in the back row, so it is better to sit in the front row if we want to pay attention to the lecturers’ explanation. 44. Yes, it does. But, it depends on what students do in the class. 45. Yes, because if I sit in the front, I can be more focus on the lecturer. If I sit in the back rows, I am easy to chat with my friends. 46. The position of seating in traditional seating arrangement influences me in paying attention to the lecturers’ explanation because if we sit in the back row, there are too many distractions. 47. Yes, I think sit in front or middle rows doesn’t really matter for me but I always have difficulties if I sit in the back rows. 48. Yes, when I sit in the front rows, I feel sleepy. When I sit in the middle or back rows, I feel sleepier. 49. No, because it depends on me whether I will pay attention to the lecturers’ explanation or not. It is not based on where I sit. 92 50. No, it doesn’t. I think that the students’ concentration is the most important thing that influences our attention to the lecturer. No matter where we sit. 51. Yes. But, it depends on the class situation. When a student sits in the back, but the other students who sit in front of him are not busy, it will be okay. Heshe still can pay attention to the lecturers’ explanation. 52. Yes, because when we sit in the front row, we are forced to pay attention to the lecturer. But, it will be different if we sit in the back row, we can’t give full attention to the lecturer so that we often don’t understand the lecturer’s explanation. 53. For me, the position of seating arrangement doesn’t influence me in paying attention to the lecturer’s explanation because the most important thing is the willingness to join and enjoy the class activity. 54. No, it depends on the condition. 55. No, it does not. I think our concentration decides how effective we pay attention to the lecturers’ explanation. 56. yes, when I sit in the front row , I usually more focus on the lecturer, and I often don’t pay attention to the lecturer when I sit in the middle and back rows. 57. No, wherever you sit, as long as you can concentrate well then everything will be just fine. 58. Yes it does. The students who usually sit in the back rows can’t give full attention. It’s not effective. 59. Yes, because the farther our position, the more unclear the lecturers’ explanation. 60. Yes, if I sit in the front row, it will be clearer for us to listen and focus on the materials rather than sit in the middle or back rows. 61. Yes, because when we sit in the back we can’t concentrate very well, we tend to chat with other friends or sleep. 62. Not really, I can pay attention to the lecturer’s explanation wherever I sit. What influences my attention is my mind. 63. Not really, it depends on the students serious or not. B. Could you work in group well in traditional seating arrangement in public speaking class? Why? 1.Yes, because the arrangement of the seating which is close to one another makes me easy to interact with other friends in the group 2. Yes, I can 3. Yes, I like work in group in this course because I’m be able to increase my ability to speak more active. I think traditional seating arrangement is not a big problem. 4. Not really because I have to move to other chairs, or arrange our seats to make good position. I think it’s not effective. 5. Sometimes. In a good condition. it won’t affect anything. But sometimes if the class is boring, the students in each group will start to chat. Many things which 93 are not related to the lesson because they think that the lecturer will not know their activity in the group. 6. No, because we are difficult to communicate. If we arrange the seats in circle arrangement, we probably can communicate easily. 7. Yes, because we can move from one seat to another seat, find the group and group placeposition 8. Not very well because we have to move the heavy chair and table which is still arranged in the traditional way. It will cause loud noise in the class and then we do not focus on the lecturer. 9. Yes, I could. It will be better if the seating arrangement is arranged to make the students easy to do class discussion. And because this is Public Speaking class, it would be better if the seats are arranged face to face. 10. Yes, I could. Although we are divided into group we can still pay attention to the lecturer whether we sit in the front, middle or back. Sometimes the lecturer pays attention to each group. 11. Of course not, because in the group discussion we need to sit face to face. So sometimes, we need to move the chair to sit face to face. 12. No, I couldn’t, because I feel uncomfortable with the traditional seating arrangement. So it must be changed 13. Yes, because I think traditional arrangement doesn’t affect whether we work in group well or not. 14. Actually not, because we ourselves have to move or move the table and chair when we want to work in the group. But it doesn’t really matter, it’s not that difficult for me to do that. 15. No, because it will be easier and more effective if we move the chair and we sit face to face if we will work in the group. 16. Yes, but it will be easier if we move the chair face to face with our friends, so that we can focus on the material. 17. Yes, if we have to form a group, we only need to move our body , or we just need to moveface our back row. It’s not a big deal. 18. Yes, because the seating arrangement doesn’t affect the group discussion. 19. If I do not move my chair in the circle position with my group, the group work will not be effective. 20. No, because we can’t see each other. 21. I think it’s not a big problem because we can move the chair if we have to work in group and other members of group sit behind me. 22. Yes, I could 23. It’s quite difficult to have group works in this kind of seating arrangement because it makes us unable to move freely. 24. In room IK03 I couldn’t work in group well because the position of the table isn’t good for group work. 25. Yes 26. Yes, I could. It happens because I have already accustomed to this situation 94