concept of validity. Those are: “content validity, criterion-related validity, construct validity and face validity”. The test was valid in terms of having its
content, construct, and face validities. The following are the discussion on the validity of the test.
2.1. Content Validity
Hughes 1989:22 states that a test is said to have content validity if its contents constitutes a representative sample of the language skills, structures, etc.
with which it is meant to be concerned. It means that the test must be constructed in such a way so that it includes a proper sample of the materials that have been
taught and learnt. To fulfill the content, the researcher made the test which consisted of a representative sample of the simple past tense. It means that the
elements in the simple past tense were covered in the test. Commonly, there are six elements of difficulties which are faced by the students in mastering simple
past tense. They are: the use of auxiliaries, adverbial of time, negative and interrogative form, regular and irregular verbs. The test in this research has
content validity since its content was relevant to the purpose of the test, which is to measure students’ progress in learning simple past tense.
2.2. Construct Validity
Hughes 1989:26 says that a test is said to have construct validity if it can be demonstrated that it measures just the ability which is supposed to measure.
There are usually three steps that should be taken to measure construct validity Fraenkel and Wallen, 1993: 145. To reveal that the construction of the test in
this research had the construct validity, the researcher will discuss those three
steps: § The variable being measured was clearly defined
The variable the elements of language being identified here was the mastery of simple past tense for the first grade students of SMK Bopkri I Yogyakarta.
§ Formulate the hypothesis
The researcher proposed the hypothesis based on the theory underlying the variable. The hypothesis in this research was closely related to the objective of
the test, which is to find out whether the use of Dictogloss has a positive effect to enhance the mastery of simple past tense for the first grade students of SMK
Bopkri I Yogyakarta or not.
§ Test the hypothesis
The hypothesis was then tested. The students of SMK Bopkri I Yogyakarta were given the test to measure their progress in learning simple past tense. Since the
test had the content validity, as it was explained before, it could be said that the test was really measuring students’ progress, furthermore to find out whether the
use of Dictogloss has a positive effect to enhance the mastery of simple past tense for the first grade students at SMK Bopkri I Yogyakarta or not. As a conclusion,
the researcher could say that the test in this research has the construct validity.
2.3. Face Validity
