To know the reliability of the test, a pilot test was administered. Heaton 1979: 158 states that a pilot test is a try-out of the test to a small but
representative group of testees. In this study, a try out of simple past tense was conducted to a group of students of the first grade students of SMA Binatama
Sleman After conducting the try out, the reliability coefficient of the test items
was counted based on the formula suggested by Lado. Then, if the test is reliable, the real test could be given to other group of students.
D. Data Gathering Technique and Research Design
First, the researcher conducted the pilot test on May 7, 2007 in SMA Binatama Sleman
to measure the validity and reliability coefficient of the tests. Then, the researcher started to conduct the experiment in SMK Bopkri I
Yogyakarta . The researcher conducted the pretest for IAK in May 22, 2007 and
the pretest for IAP in May 25, 2007. The procedure was the same for those two groups.
The pretest was divided into two forms, written test and spoken test. The researcher conducted the written test first. The researcher distributed the test
papers and the answer sheets to the students. Before doing the test, there was an explanation of what the students should do in every part of the test. The
researcher had to check whether they understood the instruction or not. After finishing the written test, the test papers were collected. After that, the researcher
conducted the spoken test. The researcher asked the students to come one by one in front of the class. The researcher recorded students’ utterances in the tape-
recorder. The results of the written test and spoken test were examined in data analysis.
The researcher implemented the treatment in IAK as the experimental group. The researcher gave special treatment by using Dictogloss technique to
teach the students simple past tense. The treatment was given in May 29, 2007. Then, on May 31, 2007 the researcher gave the treatment in IAP as the control
group. The researcher used common technique to teach simple past tense, that was deductive technique.
To determine students’ mastery of simple past tense the researcher decided to conduct the posttest. The form of the posttest was also divided into
two forms, written test and spoken test. The same procedure to conduct the posttest was also applied as well as the procedure to conduct the pretest. The
researcher conducted the posttest in IAP as the control group in June 1, 2007. Then, the researcher conducted the posttest in IAK as the experimental group in
June 4, 2007. The results of the posttest in both groups were considered to show better progress than the result of pretest. After completing all the steps above, the
researcher started to analyze the data. In this research, the researcher used “The Randomized Pretest-Posttest
Control Group Design”, since the purpose of the design is to find out the students’ different achievement after the treatment. In this case, random
assignment is used to form the groups. The first measurement serves as the pretest and the second as the posttest. The diagram of this design is as follows:
Treatment Group : RRandom Assignment OPretest X
1
Treatment O Posttest
Control Group : RRandom Assignment OPretest X
2
Treatment O Posttest
Table 9. The Diagram of The Randomized Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
E. Data Analysis Technique
