Menentukan gambaran umum teks tertulis esai berbentuk deskriptif
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Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional D
4. Menentukan koherensi dan kohesi teks tertulis berbentuk deskriptif. Sebuah teks memerlukan unsur pembentuk teks agar teks dapat berterima.
Kohesi merupakan salah satu unsur pembentuk teks yang penting. Brown dan Yule 1983 dalam Rani 2004 menyatakan bahwa unsur pembentuk
teks itulah yang membedakan sebuah rangkaian kalimat itu sebagai sebuah teks atau bukan teks. Sebuah teks harus memiliki keterpaduan bentuk
kohesi dan keterpaduan makna koherensi. Kohesi adalah hubungan antar bagian dalam teks yang ditandai oleh piranti kohesi cohesion devices.
Sedangkan koheren adalah keterpaduan antar kalimat yang saling mendukung. Sebuah teks yang kohesif belum tentu koheren. Namun teks
yang koheren biasanya kohesif.
Piranti untuk menunjukkan kalimatparagraph yang kohesif: Tabel 5: Piranti kohesi
Meaning Function Examples
Meaning Function
Examples
Addition Furthermore, too,
Moreover, also, in the second place,
again, in addition, even more, next,
further, last, lastly, finally, besides, and, or,
nor, first,
second, secondly, etc.
Time While, never,
Immediately, after,later, earlier,
always, when, soon,
whenever, meanwhile,
sometimes, in the meantime,
during afterwards, now,
until now, next following, once
then, at length, simultaneously
so far, this time subsequently
Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Pedagogik D 17
Meaning Function Examples
Meaning Function
Examples
Place Here, there, nearby,
beyond, wherever opposite to, adjacent to
neighboring on, above, below
Exemplification Illustration
to illustrate to demonstrate
specifically for instance
as an illustration e.g.for example
Comparison in the same way
by the same token similarly, likewise
in like manner in similar fashion
Contrast Yet, and yet,
nevertheless nonetheless
after all, but, however, though
otherwise, on the contrary
in contrast not withstanding
on the other hand at the same time
Clarification that is to say
in other words to explain
i.e., that is to clarify
to rephrase it to put it another way
Cause because
since on account of
for that reason
Effect Therefore, as a result,
consequently, thus, accordingly, hence
Purpose in order that
so that, this end, to that end, to
for this purpose
Qualification Almost, nearly, never
Probably, always, Frequently, perhaps,
Maybe, although Intensification
Indeed, yes, no, to repeat,
by all means, of course,