Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

Handbook to Literature, Characterization is the way in which the author reveals or creates or the characters in hisher work, making them „alive‟ for the reader 1986: 81. Also in his book Holman and Harmon 1986:81 stated that there are three fundamental methods of characterization in fiction. First, the explicit presentation by the author, second, the character‟s own representation from within a cha racter of the impact of certain events towards the character‟s inner self, also without any interference from the author. Baldick suggests that characterization is the presentation of persons in narrative or dramatic works that may include direct way like the description or commentary and distribution of qualities. Indirect or dramatic way is also combines to invite readers to decide qualities from the fact of the characters‟ action, speech, or physical appearance so the readers are free to interpret their characterization 1991:34. Meanwhile M.J. Murphy 1972:161-173 in Understanding Unseen An Introduction to English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students explaines that there are nine ways of how the author makes his character understandable for the reader. Sometimes the steps are not all used by the authors to show their characters‟ characteristics, however some of them must exist. Those nine ways are: a. Personal description The author can describe a person‟s appearance and clothes in details so that the readers will be able to figure the personality of the character based on his or her appearance. Whether he is handsome, tall, thin, like parts of the body of the character and the clothes she or he wears. b. Character as seen by another Instead of describing a character directly the author can describe a character through the opinions, attitudes, view, and comment of other characters in the novel. The readers will catch a reflected image of the characters the author means. c. Speech The author can explain a character trough the way she or he speaks and the language she or he uses in a conversation with another, whenever she or he put forward on opinion, so readers will get an insight into the characteristics. d. Past life By allowing the reader learns something about person‟s life the author can give us a clue to events that have helped to shape a person‟s character. This can be done by direct comment by the author, through the person‟s thoughts, through his conversation or through the medium of another person. e. Conversation of others The author can also give clues to a person‟s character through the conversations of other people and the things they say about him. From this readers will learn that what other say about a character may reveal what kind of character she or he is.