The Characterization of Beatrice

Beatrice does not have the right to express her feeling. Her father never wants to know what actually she wants to do; he does not want to know her dreams in her life. Her father also never talks to Beatrice, except about his medicinal plants in the garden. Dr. Rappacini just needs Beatrice when his medicinal plants need her nurse. It is proved in the quotation: ―I know not how this dearly this physician may love his art; but surely there is one object more dear to him. He has a daughter.‖ ―But as for Rappacini, it is said of him and I, who know the man well, can answer for its truth; that he cares infinitely more for science than for mankind. His patients are interesting to him only as subject for some new experiment. He would sacrifice human life, his own among the rest, or whatever else was dearest to him, for the sake of adding so much as a grain of mustard seed to the great heap of his accumulated knowledge.‖ p. 185 From the quotation above, it can be seen that her father loves science more than he loves her daughter. Another point that could be inferred from the quotation is that the narrator sees Beatrice as a human by addressing Beatrice as a subject for Rappacinni‘s experiment. By addressing Beatrice as a victim of her father‘s experiment, the narrator wants to show that Beatrice has been victimized despite the fact that she is Dr. Rappacinni‘s only daughter. This narrator‘s view of Beatrice‘s dehumanization, when later is compared to Giovanni‘s view on Beatrice will serve as proof for the narrator‘s more human perspective on Beatrice. From its omniscient position, the narrator explicitly reveals Beatrice not simply as a physical being, but as a complete human being and woman, capable of feeling misery and of being reduced to nothing more than a scientific device. As the narrator sees her as a victim, it is shows that the narrator sees Beatrice as a complete human. The narrator sees that Beatrice doesn‘t deserve such an inhuman treatment, and made as an object of experiment. In other words, the narrator believes that Beatrice should be treated more affectionately as a human because she is a human being. A father usually will do anything for his daughter‘s happiness. Unfortunately, it does not happen in the relationship between Beatrice and her father. Her father just spends all his life for science. While he works with the plants, Dr. Rappacini let Beatrice alone in the garden, without any friends. Beatrice does not have any friends to play with. As a father, he never does his responsibilities to serve Beatrice. There is no communication that usually happens in the life of a father and his daughter. The poor Beatrice is subject to her father‘s experiment. It can be seen in the quotation: ―He is a man fearfully acquainted with the secrets of nature, replied Beatrice and at the hour when I drew breath this plant sprang from the soil, the offspring of his science of his intellect while I was but his earthy child.‖ p. 206 The quotation above reveals how that Dr. Rappacini‘s love to his experiment is so big. From the quotation above the writer of the thesis sees that, the narrator grasps the senses of Beatrice‘s trying to question about her existence. The narrator shows Beatrice as a human, she is told to be thinking about her existence as if she is ―created‖ by Dr. Rappacinni. The narrator uses the words ―earthy child‖ to make a contrast on how Dr. Rappacinni loves his science and sees Beatrice just as a child, a human child. Earthy in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means: concerned with the body, sex, etc. in an open and direct way that some people find rude or embarrassing. Earthy have such a negative meaning, it is more about physic than mind. Beatrice knows she‘s been treated as an earthy child . A.1.c. Relationship between Beatrice and the Plants Dr. Rappacini has educated Beatrice to love plants since she was a child, and it makes her love the plants with all of her affection. It happens until she becomes a teenager. Beatrice‘s habits in serving and nursing the plants, for a moment replace her father‘s love. Beatrice needs something that can fulfill her loneliness. She wants someone to love her as her father loves his children commonly. He sacrifices his daughter to create his experiment of science. Everyday, Dr. Rappaccini asks Beatrice to do some tasks in the garden. Beatrice has some duties to nurse and serve the plants in the garden. Beatrice will serve everything that is needed by the plants. As a result, Beatrice is even more exposed to being poisonous herself by the poison that sprang from the plants. The poison is so dangerous for the other human and the other living creature. The poison makes the other living creature dead. It is the result from his father‘s experiment in science. Beatrice does not have friends to talk to. She only has the shrub in her father‘s botanical garden to be her friend or her sister. Thus, as a human she often feels lonely. She then will speak to the flowers to break up her solitude. There is a mutual relationship between Beatrice and the flowers. The flowers do not only supply their pe rfume for her, but also becomes her friend because she doesn‘t have any friends. So, Beatrice treats the flowers well. ―Yes, my sister, my splendor, it shall be Beatrice‘s task to nurse and serve thee; and thou shalt reward her with thy kiss and perfumed b reath, which to her is as the breath of life.‖ p.183. Beatrice treats the flower tenderly. Her treatment toward them shows that actually Beatrice is a tender woman. ―Then, with all the tenderness in her manner that was so strikingly expressed in her words, she busied herself with such attentions as the plant seemed to require.‖ p.183. She likes kissing the flower and inhaling the perfume. She treats them well because she needs them, she needs their poison. Approaching the shrubs, she threw open her arms, as with passionate ardor, and drew its branches into a intimate embrace – so intimate that her features were hidden in its leafy bosom and her glistening ringlets all intermingled with the flowers.‖ p.188 Friendship is one kind of the relationship among human beings. Friendship is very useful activity to make our lives more interesting and meaningful. As a human, if we have no friends or someone to talk we can feel lonely. That is the consequence being a human. We are not individual but social beings so we need to make friends, we need to socialize with others and it also happens with Beatrice. Beatrice does not have friends to talk to and it makes her feel lonely. She even made a flower as her friend. The narrator finds it proper to position Beatrice as a complete human with all of the human aspects that she has, she can feel lonely and needs a friend. Because she does not have friends, Beatrice also grows to be a shy person. She feels ashamed when she once has a chance to meet other people. For example, Beatrice is expressively ashamed after receiving a bouquet from Giovanni, ―… she lifted the bouquet from the ground, and the, as if inwardly ashamed at having stepped aside from her maidenly reserve to respond to a stranger‘s greeting,…‖ p.189. She does not have any experience to face other people. Another basic human aspect that the narrator reveals in Beatrice is Beatrice‘s craving for affection. One of human needs is love and feeling of belonging that can be fulfilled by having relationship with other people. To show the reader about Beatrice‘s feeling as a human when she falls in love and have a relationship with other, the narrator introduced another character named Giovanni. Giovanni Guasconti is a young man from the southern region of Italy; he came to Padua to continue his study at the University of Padua ―A young man, named Giovanni Guasconti, came, very long ago, from the more southern region of Italy, to purse his studies at the University of Padua.‖ p. 179 a young man named Giovanni is the first person that Beatrice knows beside her father. Other Beatrice‘s characteristics appear when she meets him. The way Beatrice responds to Giovanni‘s attendance shows her friendly and warm character. She receives his attendance well, although, she feels a little bit ashamed toward him p.195. However she can overcome the feeling and she knows how to greet politely to the stranger. Beatrice is happy for having an opportunity to know him and to have relationship with him. In her relationship with Giovanni, Beatrice shows her dependence on Giovanni. Thus, Beatrice does not want to be left by Giovanni for a long time. In her relationship with Giovanni, she also shows her heroic character. Beatrice expresses her attention to Giovanni by preventing him to touch the poisonous flowers. The flowers are dangerous for him. ―He made a step toward the shrubs with extended hand, but Beatrice darted forward, uttering a shriek that went through his heart like a dagger. She caught his hand and drew it back with the whole force of her slender figure. p.197 After Giovanni comes, everything has changed. The attentions that Giovanni brings make her happy: ―The tinge of passion that had colored Beatrice‘s manner vanished; she became gay, and appeared to derive a pure delight from her communion with the youth not unlike what maiden of a lonely island might have felt conversing with a voyager from the civilized world.‖ p. 196 From the description above we can see that the Giovanni‘s attention makes her very happy. The sadness and loneliness that always accompany her has disappeared. After Giovanni comes, Beatrice becomes the happiest person in the world. The love that she feels to Giovanni throws away all of the sadness and loneliness in her life. For the first time in her life, Beatrice falls in love. From the quotation above, the author also want to shows the reader that Beatrice is capable of feeling good, she is like other human, capable of feeling love. All of the happiness that she dreams in her life is found in Giovanni. Beatrice does not only find a friend but also love in her life for the first time in her life. It can be seen in the quotation: ―Her spirit gushed out before him like a fresh rill that was just catching its first glimpse of the sunlight and wondering at the reflections of earth and sky which were flung into its bosom. There came thoughts too, from a deep source, and fantasies of a gemlike brilliancy, as if diamonds and rubies sparkled upward among the bubbles of the fountain.‖ p.197 The quotatio n above tells us that spirit appears clearly in Beatrice‘s face. From many quotations above, we can see Beatrice is just like other girls in her youth, except the fact that she is a poisonous girl. Beatrice acted like other human, she can fell sad, lonely and fall in love: ―She was human; her nature was endowed with all gentle and feminine qualities; she was worshipped; she was capable, surely, on her part of the height and heroism of love. Whatever had looked ugly was now beautiful; or; if incapable of such a change, it stole away and hid itself among those shapeless half ideas which throng the dim region beyond the daylight of our perfect consciousness.‖ p. 198 This quotation above also showed as if the author understands the complexity of a girl fal ling in love, the narrator want to show Beatrice‘s feeling as a human when she fall in love. As a human Beatrice also can express her feeling that she loves Giovanni very much. She just wants to be with him although she is a ―poisonous person‖ and she does n‘t want to hurt Giovanni with her poison: I dreamed only to love thee and be with thee a little time, and so let the pass away, leaving but thine imagine in mine heart: for Giovanni, believe it, though my body be nourished with poison, my spirit is God‘s creature, and craves love as its daily food. p. 208 This quote showed Beatrice as human, as a God‘s creature, she also need a love, she also want to be loved by other. The implication of the various quotations above is that the narrator of the story always positions Beatrice as a complete woman. She is always described as a woman who, like human in general, is capable of knowing that she has been treated merely like an object of experiment, she is capable of feeling lonely, and of fall in love. By showi ng Beatrice‘s human characteristic, the author brings alert its perspective of how every one should have treated Beatrice. Drawing from the contrast of the narrator‘s perspectives and Giovanni‘s perspectives on Beatrice will lead to the idea about Giovann i‘s type of love for Beatrice. B . Beatrice from Giovanni’s Point of View From the beginning of the story, Giovanni only sees Beatrice‘s physical appearance; he is attracted to Beatrice because of a Beatrice‘s youthful and beautiful face. Giovanni sees Beatrice for the first time in the garden and he is always thinking about Beatrice‘s beautiful face: Giovanni, closing the lattice, went on to his couch and dreamed a rich flower and beautiful girl. Flower and maiden were different, and yet the same, and fraught with some strange peril in either shape. p. 184 From quote above, Giovanni already characterized Beatrice as beautiful girl and this is make Giovanni attracted to her because Beatrice‘s physical appearance. On their second meeting, Giovanni still sees Beatrice‘s physical appearance rather than observe Beatrice‘s character. Unlike the narrator who sees Beatrice as a complete human, Giovanni has only seen one side of her, as seen in the following quotation: On again beholding Beatrice, the young man was even startled to perceive how much her beauty exceeded his recollection of it; so brilliant, so vivid, was it character, that she glowed amid the sunlight, and as Giovanni whispered to himself, positively illuminated the more shadowy intervals of the garden path. p. 187 When Giovanni waits for Beatrice in the garden, he also sees a lizard dies because of the poison on Beatrice body, because he failed see Beatrice as a human, he doubted Beatrice as an ordinary beautiful young girl or something horrible p. 188: But Giovanni, out of the shadow of his window, bent forward and shrank back, and murmured and trembled. ―Am I awake? Have I my sense?‖ said he to himself. ―What is this being? Beautiful shall I call her, or inexpressibly terrible?‖ p.188 G iovanni‘s utterance on Beatrice ―what is this being?‖ shows that for him Beatrice is not yet a human. Being here means a thing or a creature. From the quotation above the writer of this thesis thinks that Giovanni only sees Beatrice as an object because he compares Beatrice with the two concepts that remain on physical condition of Beatrice; beautiful or terrible. He reduces Beatrice‘s existence as a human by thinking that Beatrice is either a beautiful creature or a terrible creature, two opposite roles which both remains only on the physical realm of Beatrice. Giovanni also sees the bouquet of flowers that he gives to Beatrice suddenly wither in Beatrice‘s gasp, and again he is scared and fails to see Beatrice as a human being p.189: For many days after the incident the young man avoided the window that looked into Dr. Rappaccini‘s garden, as if something ugly and monstrous would have blasted his eyesight and he been betrayed into glance. He felt conscious of having put himself, to a certain extent, within the influence of an unintelligible power by the communication which he had opened with Beatrice. p. 190 The quotation above shows how Giovanni thinks and feels about Beatrice when he sees Beatrice as poisonous person for the first time. He even avoids seeing the garden where Beatrice stays for several days because he was afraid something ugly and monstrous like Beatrice might come out from the garden. Although Giovanni is scared of Beatrice, he is also curious about her; he wants to meet Beatrice very much and talks with her for a long time. He is possessed by the beauty of Beatrice. Also as a medical student he maybe curious with the poison in Beatrice body and want to know it to solve the riddle about himself as a human ―Day after day his pulses had throbbed with feverish blood at the improbable idea of an interview with Beatrice, and of standing with her, face to face, in this very garden, basking in the Oriental sunshine of her beauty, snatching from her full gaze the mystery which he deemed the riddle of his own existence‖ p. 194 The first interview is continued with other interviews. They, then often have meetings and the meetings become such routine activities for Giovanni and Beatrice: After the first interview, a second was in the inevitable course of what we call fate. A third; a fourth; and a meeting with Beatrice in the garden was no longer an incident in Giovanni‘s daily life. p. 199 The same condition happens to Beatrice, ―Nor was it otherwise with the daughter of Rappacinni.‖ p. 199 Giovanni decides to see Beatrice every time they have a time to meet, he makes friend with Beatrice then he also attracted to Beatrice. Giovanni is obsess with Beatrice but also feel something horror when he thinking of Beatrice, still he feels a thrill because Beatrice‘s beauty, this quotation shows Giovanni feeling about Beatrice: It was not love, although her rich beauty was a madness to him; nor horror, even while he fancied spirit to be imbued with the same baneful essence that seemed to pervade her physical frame; but a wild offspring of both love an horror that had each parent in it, and burned like one and shivered like the other. p. 190 This quotation shows how the rich beauty of Beatrice still attracted Giovanni and it was madness to him, he confused with his feeling toward Beatrice. He was unable to define what his feeling is. Yet, as the narrator reveals, it was essentially not love for Giovanni. Because he always meets Beatrice in the garden a place where the poison flowers also planted in the garden, there is something strange with Giovanni, the poison in Beatrice‘s body also infect him, and this makes his breath contain a poison that can kill a spider. He is very angry and upset with Beatrice; he even says Beatrice is a cursed one because he thinks Beatrice has infected him: ―Accursed one‖ cried he, with venomous scorn and anger. ―and, finding thy solitude wearisome, thou hast severed me into thy region of unspeakable horror‖ p. 206 Giovanni even calls Beatrice as a poisonous thing, a thing or a creature that contains poisons not a human because he was mad at Beatrice and blame her for the poison in his breath. He thinks Beatrice has infected him with the poison in her body, make him like her also ―Yes, poisonous thing‖ repeated Giovanni, beside himself with passion. ―Thou hast done it Thou hast blasted me Thou hast filled me with poison Thou hast made me as hateful, as ugly, as loathsome and deadly creature as thyself – a world‘s wonder of hideous monstrosity‖ p. 207 The poiso n in Giovanni‘s body actually is not because of the poison in Beatrice‘s body but the poison in the flowers in the garden, Beatrice has explained it to him but he is still angry. If one falls in love, He or she must accept his or her couple, for who they a re and what they choose to do, but Giovanni can‘t accept what happened with him and Beatrice, he is only attracted to Beatrice because she is beautiful, because of her physical beauty. Giovanni responds to her only as a physical being and fails to understand her as a real person.

C. Giovanni ’s Point of View on Beatrice’s Character Reveal His Type of

Love toward Her Giovanni is infatuated with Beatrice from the moment he first sees her in the garden below his window. He characterized Beatrice as a beautiful and dangerous young girl, especially because of her resemblance and immunity to the purple-flowered plant which her father carefully avoids. Flower and maiden were different and yet the same, and fraught with some strange peril in either shape p.184. In Giovanni‘s eyes Beatrice is beautiful and dangerous and this is make Giovanni physically attracted to Beatrice, this is revealing his type of love which Fromm considered as erotic love or physical love. Since Giovannis imagination is provoked by his very first observance of Beatrice and her surroundings, it is difficult for him to focus on the reality of who and what she is. In the following passage, notice how his thoughts quickly move away from the actuality of Beatrice to metaphors created by his mind Here am I, my father What would you? cried a rich and youthful voice from the window of the opposite house; a voice as rich as a tropical sunset, and which made Giovanni, though he knew not why, think of deep hues of purple or crimson, and of perfumes heavily delectable‖ p.182. He sees Beatrice as a seductive young girl, because with only hear Beatrice voice Giovanni can imagine and see Beatrice in his mind, this point of view also leads to sexual attraction. According to Fromm, erotic love can inspire the wish for sexual attraction or union. Fromm implied erotic love as a physical love or individual attraction. This relationship between Giovanni and Beatrice provides a perfect example of humans‘ reaction or the way Giovanni perceives reality. Beatrice allows the reader to see how Giovanni perceives reality because the narrator makes her the riddle of Giovanni‘s own existence p.194. The reason Giovanni finds her to be a riddle is the ambiguity of her nature. Giovanni cannot decide whether to avoid her poisonous body, as described previously, or to give more affection to her. The narrator calls this Giovannis madness p.190, and proof of Giovannis indecision is in the text. Giovanni questions his ability to name present realties by saying, What is this being? Beautiful shall I call her or inexpressibly terrible? p.188 There are many words in the story which describes Giovanni‘s feelings toward Beatrice in terms of opposites, using words and phrases not usually associated with heroic love like ―a fierce and subtle poison‖, ―a madness‖ and ―lover and horror‖. When finding the evidence of Beatrice‘s poisonous body the incidents with the lizard, the insect, and the wilting bouquet and reality that Beatrice has a poisonous nature, he begins to doubt the truth of his love fairly quickly. Actually Beatrice knows that Giovanni will only believe in what he can see with his eyes and touch with his finger and can not see Beatrice as a human being. To a ttempt to change another Giovanni‘s view of her outer-presence, Beatrice tell Giovanni not to believe what he sees, but only what she tells him ―If true to the outward senses, still it may be false in its essence; but the words of Beatrice Rappaccinis lips are true from the depth of the heart outward. Those you must believe.‖ p.196. However, still Giovanni‘s point of view toward Beatrice leads him to doubt Beatrice as a human. The great proof of the instability of Giovannis love and also his point of view toward Beatrice comes when he decides to test her by observing whether her breath wilts a bouquet he plans to give her because he already characterize Beatrice as poisonous person. He decides to take a test. He buys a bouquet fresh flower and wants to give it to Beatrice. If the flower fades in her hands, she is evil. If not, she is still his lovely, innocent girl. To his surprise, the flower fades in his hands and with such a simple test he sees Beatrice as an evil. He realizes that he has been infected by Beatrice. He has been rendered both immune to Beatrice‘s effect and poisonous to others. He changes his mind. In his eyes Beatrice now is not that beautiful, kind and innocent girl, but evil, guilty and poisonous. He cries to Beatrice, ―Yes, poisonous thing Thou hast done it Thou hast blasted me Thou hast filled my veins with poisons Thou hast made me as hateful, as ugly, as loathsome and deadly a creature as thyself — a world‘s wonder of hideous monstrosity‖ p.207 This Giovanni‘s point of view toward Beatrice makes him only loves Beatrice and there is no decision from Giovanni to understand Beatrice for what she is. Actually he never finds a basis in reality for his feelings about Beatrice. The narrator hints that Giovanni feels only a cunning semblance of love which flourishes in the imagination, but finds no depth of root into the heart p.1 9 8 . Fromm stated ―To love somebody is not just a strong feeling – it is a decision, it is a judgment, it is a promise. If love is only a feeling, there will be no basis for the promotion to love each other forever.‖ Fromm 1963: 47 From the comparison of Beatrice‘s characterization from the narrator‘s point of view and from Giovanni‘s point of view, the writer of this thesis thinks the author shows Beatrice as a complete human while Giovanni sees only one side of her. He attracted to Beatrice only physically and fails to see her as a complete human, a real person. From the first time the relationship between Giovanni and Beatrice started to grow from the time when Giovanni sees Beatrice and her father Dr. Rappacinni in the garden, Giovanni has been very curios about Beatrice, and is attracted to Beatrice but only physically because of her beauty. It continues until he has a chance to interview Beatrice. The first interview is continued with other interviews. They, then often have meetings and the meetings become such routine activities for Giovanni and Beatrice: After the first interview, a second was in the inevitable course of what we call fate. A third; a fourth; and a meeting with Beatrice in the garden was no longer an incident in Giovanni‘s daily life. p. 199 The relationship between Beatrice and Giovanni grows a certain feeling among them. Beatrice and Giovanni are in love, the love that may grow because of their closeness. According to Fromm, Fromm thinks that erotic love or physical love is often greatly misunderstood. People often make the mistake of thinking that, because they are attracted to another person physically and they feel a strong feeling, they also feel love for that person. If the relation is only physical, however, it never satisfies the basic need for togetherness ―To love somebody is not just a strong feeling – it is a decision, it is a judgment, it is a promise. If love is only a feeling, there will be no basis for the promotion to love each other forever.‖ Fromm 1963: 47 Giovanni‘s type of love towards Beatrice is considered as erotic love because his actions in loving Beatrice show he only love Beatrice physically. There is no decision from Giovanni to understand Beatrice for what she is, he has a feeling for Beatrice but he confused with his feeling toward Beatrice. He was unable to define what his feeling is. Yet, as the narrator reveals, it was essentially not love for Giovanni. It was not love, although her rich beauty was a madness to him; nor horror, even while he fancied spirit to be imbued with the same baneful essence that seemed to pervade her physical frame; but a wild offspring of both love an horror that had each parent in it, and burned like one and shivered like the other. p. 190 Fromm stated that erotic love can inspire the wish for sexual attraction or union. It is happened with Giovanni, he fall in love with Beatrice and he is attracted to Be atrice. This quotation describes Giovanni‘s feeling when he meets Beatrice firstly: ―….a voice as rich as a tropical sunset, and which made Giovanni, though he not know why, thinks of deep hues of purple or crimson and of perfumes heavily delectable.‖ p. 183 The quotation above describes that Beatrice has made Giovanni interested in the first sight through the physical beauty of Beatrice.