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excepton the other hand Prolong:
enhance Qualify previous move by
giving details of time, place, cause, condition, etc.
Full declarative, linked or linkable by; then, so,
because Append:
elaborate Clarify; exemplify or
previous move after intervention by another
speaker Elaborating nominal group
Append: extend
Offer additional or contrasting information to
previous move after intervention by another
speaker Extending nominal group
Append: enhance Qualify previous move after
intervention by another speaker
Enhancing prepositional adverbial phrase
Eggins and Slade, 1997: 201 When someone is prolonging, he may employ elaboration, extension, or
enhancement of the prior move. In elaborations, a move clarifies, restate or exemplifies an immediately prior move. It can be made by inserting conjunctions
such as: for example, like, I mean. Next, in extension, a move adds to the information in an immediately prior move, or provides contrasting information by inserting
conjunctions such as: and, but, instead, or, except. At last, in enhancement, a move qualifies or modifies the information in an immediately prior move by providing
temporal, spatial, causal or conditional detail by inserting conjunctions such as: then, so, because.
2.2.2.2 Reacting Speech Functions: responding
Responses are reactions which move the exchange towards completion. There are two options of responding; supporting and confronting. Supporting
moves are preferred response while confronting moves are dispreferred or discretionary responses.
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There are four main categories of supporting moves; developing, engaging, registering, and replying. Developing then may be sub divided into elaborating,
extending, and enhancing. Then replying is sub classified into accepting, complying, agreeing, answering, acknowledging, and affirming.
Two options of confronting are disengaging and replying. Replying is then sub divided into declining, non-complying, disagreeing, withholding, disavowing,
and contradicting.
Table 2.9 Summary of Sustaining Responding Speech Functions
Speech function
Discourse purpose Congruent mood
engage Show willingness to interact by
responding to salutation. Etc. Minor: typically “yea” or matched
response register
Display attention to the speaker Repetition of speaker’s word s:
paralinguistic expressions such as Mmh, Uh huh; ritual exclamations,
minor clauses
comply To carry out demand or goods
and services. Non-verbal expressions of
undertaking e.g. “OK” accept
To accept preferred goods and services
Non-verbal; expression of thanking agree
To indicate support of information given
Yes; positive polarity acknowledge
To indicate knowledge of information given
Expressions of knowing Answer To provide information
demanded Complete missing structural
elements Affirm
To provide positive response toquestion
Yes; positive polarity Disagree
To provide negative response to question
Negation of proposition Non-comply To indicate inability to comply
with prior command Non-verbal; no expressions of
undertaking; negation of verbal command
Withhold To indicate inability to provide
demanded information Negative elliptical declarative
Disavow To deny acknowledgement of
information Expressions of disclaiming
knowledge contradict
To negate prior information No; switched polarity
Eggins and Slade, 1997: 208
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Table 9 shows that engage means to show the willingness to interact. The example of engaging is answering the salutation. When a hearer responds to
someone’s greeting, it means that he chooses engage speech function. Then when he wants to show his attention as the response to someone’s speech, he chooses
register move. For the complete explanation, see Eggins and Slade,1997: 204 – 208.
2.2.2.3 Reacting Speech Functions: rejoinder
