19
with opinion exchanges generating arguments, while fact exchanges often remain brief or develop into story-text.
2.2.2 Sustaining Speech Function
Sustaining moves keep negotiating the same proposition.Sustaining talk may be achieved by the speaker to continue talking continuing speech functions or by other
speaker to give reaction reacting speech functions.The continuing status of a move will be realized by its potential or actual elliptical status in relation to the prior move.
2.2.2.1 Continuing speech Functions
There are three kinds of continuing speech function a speaker can choose; monitoring, prolonging, and appending. Monitoring means to deploy moves in
which the speaker focuses on the state of the interactive situation, such as by inviting another speaker to give response or by checking that the audience is
following. Whereas prolonging moves are those where a continuing speaker adds their contribution by giving more information. Finally, appending move is mid-
way between a continuing move and prolonging move. The summary of continuing speech functions is presented in Table 8.
Table 2.8 Summary of Continuing Speech Functions
Speech function Discourse purpose
Congruent mood
Continue: monitor Check that audience is still
engaged Elliptical major clause or
minor clause with interrogative intonation
Prolong: elaborate Clarify; exemplify or restate
Full declarative, linked or linkable by; for example, I
mean, like Prolong:
extend Offer additional or
contrasting information Full declarative, linked or
linkable by; for example,
20
excepton the other hand Prolong:
enhance Qualify previous move by
giving details of time, place, cause, condition, etc.
Full declarative, linked or linkable by; then, so,
because Append:
elaborate Clarify; exemplify or
previous move after intervention by another
speaker Elaborating nominal group
Append: extend
Offer additional or contrasting information to
previous move after intervention by another
speaker Extending nominal group
Append: enhance Qualify previous move after
intervention by another speaker
Enhancing prepositional adverbial phrase
Eggins and Slade, 1997: 201 When someone is prolonging, he may employ elaboration, extension, or
enhancement of the prior move. In elaborations, a move clarifies, restate or exemplifies an immediately prior move. It can be made by inserting conjunctions
such as: for example, like, I mean. Next, in extension, a move adds to the information in an immediately prior move, or provides contrasting information by inserting
conjunctions such as: and, but, instead, or, except. At last, in enhancement, a move qualifies or modifies the information in an immediately prior move by providing
temporal, spatial, causal or conditional detail by inserting conjunctions such as: then, so, because.
2.2.2.2 Reacting Speech Functions: responding
