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CHAPTER III PROCEDURES OF INVESTIGATION
3.1 Research Method
The study is regarded to be qualitative since the data used are the utterances spoken by the interactants in talk show. Miles and Huberman 1984: 15 state that
qualitative data are attractive. They are a source of well grounded, rich description and explanation of processes occurring in local context.
Rich description through words was used to explain the result of the study. The interpretation also employed thick analysis of words. Searle in William
2003: 5 notes that the important characteristics of qualitative is that it is about interpreting and coming to understand the social world at micro level.
The simple quantification made was only to support the study.
3.2 Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis of this study is moves.Mathiesen 1995: 30 states that move is unit of interaction that develops a dialogue. The moves are expressed
through clauses. It is the best way to analyze speech function. Moreover, Eggins and Slade 1997: 184 say that although turn is important unit in casual talk, we
can not use turn to analyze it because one turn can realize several speech functions.
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3.3 Source of Data
The data were taken from Oprah Winfrey shows. There were two shows taken for the analysis.Those two shows were chosen according to the two different
programs of Oprah Winfrey Show. One program was about entertainment with artists, and another was about ordinary people who have dramatic experience.
The guest of talk show with artist is John Stewart, a host of talk show on another TV broadcast in USA. He received an Emmy Winner for his success. For
that success, Entertainment Weekly crowned him Entertainer of the Year. There he shared his experience imitating Oprah Winfrey Show.
Oprah Ordinary presented one guest who became news headline in USA. She was Polly Mitchell, a mother of four children who became the prisoner by her
own husband in her house for almost a decade. She was locked by her husband so that she had no channel to communicate with others. At last, she found her
courage to escape from her house. Those shows were recorded from one of television stations in the form of
video compact disc in order to capture the conversations together with the gestures accompanying the conversation. This record system also gave more ease
to transcribe. Hopefully, the data taken were considered to be valid. Oprah Winfrey show is a highly structured show. It also presents great clips
to support the talk show. Since my focus was on the speech functions chosen by the interactants of the show, only the data in the form of dialogue were analyzed.
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3.4 Role of Researcher
As a qualitative study, the role of researcher in the study was as the data collector. As stated by Miles and Huberman 1993: 6 that the researcher was the
holistic gainer overview of the context under study whether its logic, explicit or implicit rules. I tried to get the complete written data by collecting them through
careful transcribing. Next, I interpreter the data gathered. Alwright and Bailey 1991: 65
assumed that qualitative research was directly upon and to interpret them. To interpret here meant to identify and analyze the data carefully.
3.5 Reliability and Validity
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