The last important aspect in writing is mechanics. They consist of punctuation marks, indentation, and capitalization of letter. When writing a
paragraph, we must use correct punctuation marks. In order to use the correct punctuation marks, learners must concern with sentence structure. They also must
concern with the indentation and capital letters. For example, indentation is used
when making new paragraph and a capital letter is used to start a sentence.
As stated by Boardman 2004: 10-11 there are five points to be concerned in writing paragraph:
1. The first paragraph is started from five aspects to the right or called
indentation 2.
Next, sentences are always started with a capital letter and ended with a period, a question mark, or exclamation.
3. Each sentence begins where the previous sentence ends, a new
sentence does not automatically begin on the next line. 4.
Another important point is to write on every other line. This is called double spacing.
5. Finally, there should be margins around a paragraph. There should be
about one inch of space on each side of paper. Briefly, those five aspects of good writing should be learnt, mastered, and
practiced by the learners for arranging words into sentences and good sentences into good writings.
2.2.1.4 Components Influencing Writing
Writing does not deal only with developing words into sentences, but it also deals with how to communicate idea through written text. And if the writer wants to
write a good paragraph of hortatory exposition text, he has to pay attention in all components of writing, for example the topic sentences, supporting sentences and
also cohesion, coherence, unity, and completeness of the paragraph.
The first component in influencing writing is cohesion.Boardman 2004:36 quotes that “one of the components of a good paragraph is cohesion. A
paragraph has cohesion when all the supporti ng sentences “stick together” in their
support of the topic sentence. The methods of connecting sentences to each other are called cohesive devices. Five important cohesive devices are linking words,
personal pronouns, definite articles, demonstrative pron
ouns, and synonyms.”
“Another component of paragraph is coherence. In order to have coherence in writing, the sentences must hold together; that is, the movement
from one sentence to the next must be logical and smooth. There must be no sudden jumps. There are four ways to achieve coherence. The first two ways
involve repeating key nouns and using pronouns that refer back to key nouns. The third way is to use transition signals to show how one idea is related to the text.
The last way to achieve coherence is to arrange your sentences in logical order
“Oshima, 1999:40.
The third component in influencing writing is unity. Boardman 2004:44
states ”a paragraph has unity, when all the supporting sentences relate to the topic sentence”. By unity, the product of writing will easier to understand because from
the beginning to end it only talks about one topic.
Another component of paragraph is completeness. “A paragraph is complete when it has all the major supporting sentences it needs to fully explain
the topic sentence and all the minor supporting sentences” Boardman, 2004:47.
2.2.1.5 The Process of Writing
