16. Latza, U.
et al.
Cohort study of occupational risk factors of low back pain in construction workers.
Occup. Environ. Med.
57, 28 –34 2000.
17. Porth, C.
Essentials of pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states
. Wolters KluwerLippincott Williams Wilkins, 2011.
18. Wheeler, A. H. Diagnosis and management of low back pain and sciatica.
Am. Fam. Physician
52, 1333 –1341, 1347–1348 1995.
19. Kalichman, L. Hunter, D. J. Lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis: a review.
Semin. Arthritis Rheum.
37, 69 –80 2007.
20. Gellhorn, A. C., Katz, J. N. Suri, P. Osteoarthritis of the spine: the facet joints.
Nat. Rev. Rheumatol.
9, 216 –224 2012.
21. Manchikanti, L., Pampati, V., Fellows, B. Bakhit, C. E. Prevalence of lumbar facet joint pain in chronic low back pain.
Pain Physician
2, 59 –64 1999.
22. Schwarzer, A. C.
et al.
The ability of computed tomography to identify a painful zygapophysial joint in patients with chronic low back pain.
Spine
20, 907 –912 1995.
23. Pathria, M., Sartoris, D. J. Resnick, D. Osteoarthritis of the facet joints: accuracy of oblique radiographic assessment.
Radiology
164, 227 –230 1987.
24. Varlotta, G. P.
et al.
The lumbar facet joint: a review of current knowledge: part 1: anatomy, biomechanics, and grading.
Skeletal Radiol.
40, 13 –23 2010.
25. Fujiwara, A.
et al.
The relationship between facet joint osteoarthritis and disc degeneration of the lumbar spine: an MRI study.
Eur. Spine J.
8, 396 –401 1999.
26. Weishaupt, D., Zanetti, M., Hodler, J. Boos, N. MR imaging of the lumbar spine: prevalence of intervertebral disk extrusion and sequestration, nerve root compression, end
plate abnormalities, and osteoarthritis of the facet joints in asymptomatic volunteers.
Radiology
209, 661 –666 1998.
27. Barry, M. Livesley, P. Facet joint hypertrophy: The cross-sectional area of the superior articular process of L4 and L5.
Eur. Spine J.
6, 121 –124 1997.
28. Prawirodihardjo, S. Menopause dan andropause.
Jkt. Yayasan Bina Pustaka
2003. 29. Nelson
et al.
Management of Menopause ‐Related Symptoms: Summary. 2005. at
http:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govbooksNBK11956 30. Goodman, N., Cobin, R., Ginzburg, S., Katz, I. Woode, D. American Association of
Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for The Diagnosis and Treatment of Menopause.
Endocr. Pract.
12, 315 –337 2006.
31. De Ronde, W., Pols, H. A. P., van Leeuwen, J. P. T. M. de Jong, F. H. The importance of oestrogens in males.
Clin. Endocrinol. Oxf.
58, 529 –542 2003.
32. Nelson, L. R. Bulun, S. E. Estrogen production and action.
J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.
45, S116
–124 2001. 33. Ackerman, G. E. Carr, B. R. Estrogens.
Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord.
3, 225 –230 2002.
34. Simpson, E.
et al.
Local estrogen biosynthesis in males and females.
Endocr. Relat. Cancer
6,
131 –137 1999.
35. Zhu, B. T. Conney, A. H. Functional role of estrogen metabolism in target cells: review and perspectives.
Carcinogenesis
19, 1 –27 1998.
36. Kiuru, P. Labeling and synthesis of estrogens and their metabolites.
Acad. Diss.
1 –75 2005.
37. Kennelly, P. J. et al.Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry, 28th Edition. McGraw-Hill, 2009.
38. Hall, J. E. Guyton, A. C.
Textbook of medical physiology
. Saunders, 2010. 39. Muti, P.
et al.
Estrogen metabolism and risk of breast cancer: a prospective study of the 2:16alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Epidemiol. Camb. Mass
11, 635 –640 2000.
40. Gruber, C. J., Tschugguel, W., Schneeberger, C. Huber, J. C. Production and Actions of Estrogens.
N. Engl. J. Med.
346, 340 –352 2002.
