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Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional B
We use will for all persons, but we often use shall with I and we. Will ’ll is
generally less formal than shall when used with I and we:
Simply complete the form and return it to me, and I shall personally
reserve your hotel room for you.
We shall look at a full report from the centre. We’ll see you in the morning.
Shall also has a special legal use for talking about rules and laws.
In these cases, we often use it with third-person subjects:
According to the basic principle of human rights, people shall not be
discriminated against because of their nationality, race, age, sex, religion, occupation and social status.
Shall and will are both used to talk about intentions and decisions. Shall is more formal than will.
Compare:
Tabel 14 Formality Using Shall Will
I
’ll see you later. I won’t be late. informal
I shall see you later. I shan’t be late. formal
Spoken English: In speaking ’ll is much more common than will and shall.
Will is much more common than shall in both speaking and writing.
WILL: TYPICAL ERROR
We use will or ’ll to express intentions or decisions, or to make offers,
not the present simple:
I’ll never go to her house again.
Not: I never go to her house again.
I’ll help you with that suitcase.
Not: I help you with that suitcase.
Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional B
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7. FUTURE: BE GOING TO I AM GOING TO WORK BE GOING TO: FORM
We use be going to + the base form of the verb: I
’m going to take a few exams at the end of the year.
It
’s going to be difficult to get a job during the summer as the tourist industry
is suffering from the economic downturn.
BE GOING TO: USES
Be going to is commonly used in informal styles.
INTENTIONS
We use be going to to talk about future plans and intentions. Usually the decision about the future plans has already been made:
She’s going to be a professional dancer when she grows up. I’m going to look for a new place to live next month.
PREDICTIONS
We use be going to to predict something that we think is certain to happen or which we have evidence for now:
It’s going to snow again soon.
The speaker can probably see dark snow clouds.
Look out He’s going to break that glass.
COMMANDS
We use be going to when we give commands or state that something is obligatory:
[parent to a child]
You’re going to pick up all of those toys right now. This room is a mess
GONNA INFORMAL CONTEXTS
Spoken English: We use gonna
gənə instead of going to in informal contexts, especially in speaking and in song lyrics. We write gonna to show how to pronounce it:
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Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional B
Are you gonna try and get stuff sorted as soon as you can then? Are
you going to try and get things organised as soon as you can?
One day I’m gonna be a star.
BE GOING TO OR WILL?
Will is often used in a similar way to be going to. Will is used when we are talking about something with absolute certainty. Be going to is used when we
want to emphasise our decision or the evidence in the present: [An ‗A‘ road is a main road. A ‗B‘ road is a smaller road.]
We are now very late so we’re going to take the ‘B’ road. the
speaker refers to the present and emphasises the decision
I know the ‘B’ road will be quicker at this time of day. the speaker
states a fact
8. MUST MUST: FORMS
AFFIRMATIVE + FORM
Must comes first in the verb phrase after the subject and before another verb:
She must have lots of friends. Must can‘t be used with another modal verb.
This must be your sister.
Not: This must can be your sister. or This can must be your sister.
NEGATIVE − FORM
The negative form of must is mustn’t. We don‘t use don’tdoesn’tdidn’t with
must:
There mustn’t be any rubbish left.
Not: There dosen‘t must be any rubbish left.
We can use the full form must not in formal contexts or when we want to emphasise something:
You must not leave any rubbish.
Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional B
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QUESTION ? FORM WARNING:
The subject and must change position to form questions. We don‘t use
dodoesdid:
Must you make that noise?
Not: Do you must make that noise? We can use must and
mustn’t in question tags though tags with must aren‘t very common:
The house must be worth millions, mustn’t it?
MUST: USES DEDUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
When we think carefully about facts, we often use must to express deductions and conclusions from these:
[fact] He’s so small. [deductionconclusion] He must be no more than four years old.
[Two teachers talking about a student] A: He falls asleep in class every morning. fact
B: He must be out late every night or maybe he works at night.
deductionconclusion
WARNING:
We use can’tcannot as the negative of must to deny something or make
negative deductions or conclusions:
It just can’t be true. He can’t have left his job. That cannot be his sister. She looks so different.
We use must have + ed form and can’t have + ed form to talk about
deductions in the past. They always refer to deduction, not obligation: [A wanted to talk to B so she phoned him but he didn‘t answer the phone.
She phoned again the next day]
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Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional B
A:
I called you yesterday around three o’clock but you must have been out.
B: We must have been
in the garden. That’s a pity. [A is telling B about his illness]
A: I spent a month in hospital before I was able to walk. B: That
can’t have been easy for you.
SPOKEN ENGLISH:
In speaking, we very often express our reaction to what we hear using phrases such as that must be or that must have been:
A: She lives in Thailand now. B:
That must be amazing
A: Twelve years ago Kevin and I went on a six-week camping trip. B:
That must have been fun. OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY
Must expresses strong obligation and necessity:
I must talk to you about the new project. Seat belts must be worn even in the back of the car.
There must be a minimum of two members of the company at the
meeting.
WARNING:
We use had to not must to expresses obligation and necessity in the past:
By the time we got back to our bikes, it was dark and we had to
cycle home in the dark without any lights … Not: … it was dark and we must cycle home in the dark …
Last year, teachers had to make a report on each child every week.
Not: Last year, teachers must make a report …
We use must to talk about the future in the past when we report speech or people‘s thoughts in formal contexts:
[Extract from a novel]
