Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional B
51 Ask Max to sign this form and then send it off immediately
please, Gwyn. Will you bring us the files on the Hanley case please, Maria?
I’d like you to bring us four coffees at eleven when we take a
break in the meeting.
I’d be grateful if you didn’t tell anyone about this.
PUBLIC NOTICES
Public notices often give direct commands using no, do not or must:
2. GIVING INSTRUCTIONS
We use instructions to tell someone how to do something. We usually use imperatives. They do not sound too direct in this context:
[a cookery class]
Beat four eggs, like this. Then add the flour gradually. Don’t beat
the eggs too much though. [instructions on how to replace a missing button]
Thread your needle with a piece of thread about 25 cm long. Mark the spot where you want the button. Insert the needle from the
back of the fabric and bring
it through …
SPOKEN ENGLISH:
In speaking, we often use the present simple when we are giving instructions and demonstrations, and we say like so
meaning ‗like this‘:
You fold the A4 piece of paper like so. Then you glue some shapes onto this side and sprinkle some glitter on it like so.
Sumber: http:dictionary.cambridge.orggrammarbritish-grammarcommands-
and-instructions
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Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional B
C. CONDITIONALS CONDITIONALS: IMAGINED SITUATIONS
Conditional sentences consider imagined or uncertain situations and the possible results of these situations. The most common types of conditional
sentences involve if:
[imagined situation] If I get the job in Milan, [result] I’ll be pretty
happy.
[outcome] We’ll have the party in the garden [imagined situation] as long as
it doesn’t rain. or … if it doesn’t rain. or … on condition that it doesn’t rain.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
Conditional sentences consist of a conditional clause and a main clause:
[conditional clause] If a lot of people come, [main clause]we’ll have
to get extra chairs.
[conditional clause] Unless you book weeks in advance, [main
clause] you won’t get a flight.
The verb in the conditional clause reflects the speaker‘s point of view on whether the imagined situation is likely or impossible:
If you win the next match, will you be in the semi-final? present
simple + will indicates the speaker thinks winning the match is possible or likely
If I won a million pounds, I would give this job up tomorrow past
simple + would indicates the speaker thinks winning a million pounds is not likely to happen
If we had won the competition, we would have had a free trip to
Moscow. past perfect + would have refers to an impossible condition
– the event did not happen
ORDER OF CLAUSES
Conditional clauses usually come before main clauses but they may also come after them:
If you see Dora, will you give her a message? conditional clause
first; a comma is normally used in writing
Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional B
53
I’ll go to Bristol tomorrow if the weather is good. conditional
clause second; a comma is not normally used in writing
VERB FORMS IN THE CONDITIONAL CLAUSE
The verb in the conditional clause may be in the simple form or the continuous form, depending on the meaning:
If you owe money, you must pay it back immediately. simple If you’re feeling hungry, we can go and get something to eat.
continuous
If he had time, he always called in to see us. simple If they were working, we always tried not to disturb them.
continuous. ―Conditionals‖ from English Grammar Today © Cambridge
University Press.
CONDITIONALS: OTHER EXPRESSIONS UNLESS, SHOULD, AS LONG AS
UNLESS
Conditional clauses can begin with unless. Unless means something similar to ‗if … not‘ or ‗except if‘.
The verb forms in the examples are similar to sentences with if: we use the
present simple in the unless-clause and shall, should, will, would, can, could, may or might in the main clause:
Unless I phone you, you can assume the train’s on time.
If I do not phone you except if I phone you, you can assume the train is on time.
We’ll have to cancel the show unless we sell more tickets at the
last minute. We‘ll have to cancel the show if we do not sell more
ticketsexcept if we sell more tickets at the last minute.
WARNING:
We don‘t use unless for impossible conditions:
