FUTURE: BE GOING TO I AM GOING TO WORK BE GOING TO: FORM

44 Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional B A: I called you yesterday around three o’clock but you must have been out. B: We must have been in the garden. That’s a pity. [A is telling B about his illness] A: I spent a month in hospital before I was able to walk. B: That can’t have been easy for you. SPOKEN ENGLISH: In speaking, we very often express our reaction to what we hear using phrases such as that must be or that must have been: A: She lives in Thailand now. B: That must be amazing A: Twelve years ago Kevin and I went on a six-week camping trip. B: That must have been fun. OBLIGATION AND NECESSITY Must expresses strong obligation and necessity:  I must talk to you about the new project.  Seat belts must be worn even in the back of the car.  There must be a minimum of two members of the company at the meeting. WARNING: We use had to not must to expresses obligation and necessity in the past:  By the time we got back to our bikes, it was dark and we had to cycle home in the dark without any lights … Not: … it was dark and we must cycle home in the dark …  Last year, teachers had to make a report on each child every week. Not: Last year, teachers must make a report … We use must to talk about the future in the past when we report speech or people‘s thoughts in formal contexts: [Extract from a novel] Modul Guru Pembelajar Bahasa Inggris Kelompok Kompetensi Profesional B 45  The pain was back in full force, but she knew she must not give in to it. She must go on day by day. We use will have to more than must to express future obligation, especially when talking about obligations at a particular point in the future:  He’ll have to wait five weeks for his eye operation. Then he’ll have to have both eyes operated on. We often use must with more general references to the future, particularly when talking about obligations that come from the speaker:  The Prime Minister must decide in the next month.  I must try harder next time.  I must pop round one evening next week. When we talk about no obligation, we use either need not, don’tdoesn’tdidn’t have to or the negative of the main verb need don’tdoesn’t need:  You needn’t worry about it. I’ll take care of it.  You don’t have to worry about it. I’ll take care of it.  You don’t need to worry about it. I’ll take care of it. RULES AND LAWS We use must not to talk about what is not permitted:  You must not park outside the entrance.  You must not make noise after 9 o’clock. Must and must not often occur in public signs and notices indicating laws, rules and prohibitions: [airline website information]  All passengers must present valid photo identification at check- in for all flights. [bus company website notice]