THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Methodology of the Study 1. The Objective of Research

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. The Definition of Character The characters are the people in a text, they are part of the ordinary life. They are person created for a work of fiction. 8 We might dislike, admire, or sympathize with them, but whatever they do or say or feel, they account for a large part of our first unstudied response. 9 A character is often revealed through his or her actions, which provide readers with clues about the character’s personality, motives, and expectation. 10 Character also has characterization. Characterization is the creation of a fictitious character. 11 Characterization in analyzing film utilizes three different types of pairings: stock characters and stereotypes, static versus developing characters, and flat versus round characters. 12 Stock characters and stereotypes is not essential or even desirable for every character in a film to have a unique or memorable personality. Stock characters are minor characters whose actions are completely predictable or typical of their job or profession such as a bartender in a western. Stereotypes, 8 Jane Bachman Gordon and Karen Kuehner. Fiction: The Elements of the Short Story New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, 1999, p.95. 9 Marsh Nicolas, How to Begin Studying English Literature London: Macmillan Press LTD, 1987. 10 Sheene Gillepse, et al., Literature Across Cultures USA: printed by Allin and Bacon, 1994, p. 984. 11 http:us.geocities.comHollywoodTheater9175neocharacter.html . 12 Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie. The Art of Watching Films Mountain View: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2000, p. 57. 7 however, are characters of somewhat greater importance to the film. Developing characters are deeply affected by the action of the plot internal, external, or both and undergo some important change in personality, attitude, or outlook on life as a result of the action of the story. 13 Static characters remain essentially the same throughout the film. The action does not have an important effect on their lives as might generally be the case with the hero of an actionadventure film. Flat characters are two- dimensional, predictable characters who lack the complexity and unique qualities associated with psychological depth. Individualistic characters who have some degree complexity and ambiguity and who cannot easily be categorized are called round characters or three-dimensional characters. 14

B. Psychoanalytic Approach