Darbelnet’s theory, it is oblique translation. In this study, she found all types of oblique translation and the most dominant is modulation.
7
Therefore, the writer is interested in the study about the oblique translation and the writer focuses on the types of oblique translation of label collections in
museum. Comparing to the five researches above, there are no previous research which discuss about label collections in museum and the writer’s
research is more detail because it has further explanation in the transposition and modulation point.
B. Label Collections in Museum
Archaeology is a study about ancient objects. It consists of two branches of study, pre-historic archaeology and historical archaeology. Pre-historic
archaeology concerns only on the invention of historic things because the societies did not recognize written language at that time. Historical archaeology
is a study about the period of recorded history because archaeologists found many material remains of human past.
8
Archaeologists are a group of people that recover things and culture in the past.
7
Rindianti Irawan, An Oblique Translation Analysis of Mandala Magazine. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2010, p.29
8
Kenneth. L. Feder, et.al, Field Methods in Archaeology, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1997, p.8
Archaeologists distinguish the archaeological remains into three main of categories. They are artifacts, ecofacts and features. Artifacts are objects which
made and formed by people in the past hundred years, like stones, metals, ceramics and pottery. Ecofacts are objects that come from nature, like the
skeletons of animal and plants which are remained from ritual.
9
Features are similar with artifacts because it also made by the people, like buildings, houses,
temples and the other small objects.
10
Some of the ancient objects from the excavation are put in museum. Burcaw defines in his book, “a museum dealing with several or all fields instead
of just art, just history, just geology, etc.”
11
Besides the result of excavation, the objects in a museum are also gifts and contributions from some people and
some curators. Before publishing the objects, the museum practitioners need to record the information on a text which is called a ‘label’.
Label is a text which is put near an object in a museum and its function is to explain or describe about the ancient object information itself. There are two
types of label; they are group label and individual label. Group label is a text which explains about the same types of objects or a number of objects that are
9
Wendy Ashmore and Robert J. Sharer, Discovering Our Past. A Brief Introduction to Archaeology, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006, 4
th
ed, p.140
10
Pam J. Crabtree and Douglas V. Campana, Exploring Prehistory. How Archaeology Reveals Our Past, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006, 2
nd
ed, p.20-21
11
George Ellis Burcaw, Introduction to Museum Work, Walnut Creek: Altamira Press, 1996, p.16
from the same area. Different with group label, individual label is a text which explains about a specific object.
The information that is written on the label has to be clear or the words have to work together with the objects.
12
The labels have to be printed along with the accession numbers and the location where the ancient objects are
found.
13
Besides, it also has to be written permanently on stable materials, whether on the tombstones or specific papers. The labels placement, font
choices and the lighting of ancient objects’ spaces are also the important things that have to be considered. The placement of labels should be put at eye level. It
means that the placement should not be too low or too high for the museum visitors, the selection of label font should not be too big or too small to be read,
and the lightning should be placed in the appropriate position.
14
The material remains are put in many museums in Indonesia and one of the museums is known as Museum Nasional Indonesia National Museum of
Indonesia which located in Central Jakarta, close to the National Monument or Monas. It usually can be called ‘Elephant Building’ because of the bronze
12
Beverly Serrel, Exhibit Labels: An Interpretive Approach, Walnut Creek: Altamira Press, 1996, p.10
13
Thomas J. Braun, “Short Communication. An Alternative Technique for Applying Accession Numbers to Museum Artifacts”, Journal of The American Institute for Conservation, Vol.46 No.2
2007, pp.91-104.
Accessed on
April 11
th
2014. http:www.mnhs.orgpreserveconservationdocs_pdfsApplyAccessionnos.pdf
14
Katherine Liss Saffle, “Reinventing Museum Labels: Overcoming an Archtype with Technology and Visitor-Centered Label Writing”, Journal of Museum Studies, Vol.7 No.1 2013,
pp.1-35. Accessed on April 11
th
2014. https:www.ou.educontentdamclsdocumentsCLS- 832420Museum20Studies20iBookV1-Proof4.pdf
elephant statue in front of the museum. This museum is chosen for the research because it displays many statues from different periods and the labels which are
displayed using dual language, Indonesian-English, to describe the ancient objects.
Originally, the labels applied only in one language, Indonesian, but due to the numbers of tourists who come to Indonesia and visit museum, the museum
practitioners decide to use bilingual or dual language, Indonesian-English, as the languages that are applied on the labels in the museum. Therefore,
translation is a significant thing to be concerned. The label might be understood by the local visitors because it uses Indonesian as the first language, but if the
label is translated wrong into English or the second language, it can make another perspective to the foreign tourists and it is a shame thing. Hence the
translation is very important not only from the process but also from the procedure.
C. Translation
