first may look unusual but which nevertheless can permit translators a strict control over the reliability of their work: these procedures are called oblique
translation.”
31
In the other words, it can be said that oblique translation is used when sentences in a text cannot be translated literally without altering the
grammatical structure because it will produce another or different meaning in target language. Therefore, a translator is allowed to use another complicated
method to be applied in the translation text. Hence in order to find the equivalent of both languages, changing the structure of a sentence is permitted.
The four procedures of oblique translation that are explained by Vinay and Darbelnet as follow:
a. Transposition
Transposition is the procedure which “involves replacing one word class with another without changing the meaning of the message. Beside,
being a special translation procedure, transposition can also be applied within a language.”
32
According to Newmark, shift or transposition also means a grammar changing from SL text to TL text.
33
In the other words, transposition means a procedure which its part of speech is altering but not
31
Jean Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet, 1995, op.cit, p.31
32
Ibid, p.36
33
Peter Newmark, A Textbook of Translation, London: Prentice Hall International, 1988, p.85
with the sense. There are two kinds of transposition: obligatory transposition and optional transposition.
34
Obligatory transposition appears when the source text cannot be literary translated and optional
transposition is related to the language style, it is chosen in order to produce a translation which good to be read or heard.
Examples: Dès son lever…. As soon as he getsgot up…. As soon as he gets up.... Dès son lever….
Dès qu’il se lève….
35
Après qu’il sera revenu…. After he comes back…. Après son retour….
After his return….
36
b. Modulation
In a translation work, Fawcett states that modulation is the changing of viewpoint.
37
Vinay and Darbelnet also states that modulation changes the point of view from an original text into its translation, not the semantic
of the sentences.
38
The translator is allowed to change the viewpoint from a text into its translation text as long as it does not change the meaning of
34
Ibid.
35
Ibid.
36
Ibid.
37
Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language: Linguistic Theories Explained, Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing, 1997, p.37
38
Ibid, p.37
the text. Vinay and Darbelnet distinguish modulation into two types; they are free or optional modulation and fixed or obligatory modulation.
39
Free or optional modulation is a kind of modulation which is used to stress the
meaning in the target text and fixed or obligatory modulation is when a passive sentence turns into an active sentence and vice versa.
Examples: Le moment où….
The time when…. Il est facile de dèmontrer….
It is not difficult to show….
40
c. Equivalence
