only significant thing of the translation. There is another thing that has to be concerned by the translator, the cultural effect. Thus, a text which contains
cultural element can be a good intermediary of culture to its translation text because it is obvious that two texts which have different languages also mean
two texts with different cultural backgrounds as it is applied on the labels of ancient objects.
3. Process of Translation
In translating text, a translator needs to do some particular steps in order to produce a good translation. The steps are also can be called process. Based on
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, process means “a series of things that are done in order to achieve a particular result.”
25
According to Bathgate as quoted by Widyamartaya, he also defines seven steps of translation process as follow:
1. Tuning. It is an activity of examining the material text that are going
to be translated because the language used and the messages in source text have to be properly matched with target text. The style of
an original text and its content are also the significant things to be considered before translating the text.
25
A.S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, p.1050
2. Analysis. The translator has to examine the words and phrases in
each sentence then determines the relation between the sentence elements. “Tiap-tiap kalimat dalam bahasa sumber harus diurai ke
dalam satuan berupa kata-kata atau frase-frase. Kemudian penerjemah harus dapat menentukan hubungan sintaksis antara
pelbagai unsur kalimat itu.”
26
3. Understanding. It is the next step after the text has been analyzed by
the translator. The translator needs to get the main idea and its supporting ideas in each paragraph. The translator needs to have a
good comprehension over his translation work before translating the text.
4. Terminology. It is another essential thing in translation process.
“Kata, ungkapan atau istilah yang dipakai dalam bahasa sasaran jangan sampai menyesatkan, menertawakan, atau menusuk hati
pemakai bahasa sasaran.”
27
In the other words, there must be no sentences which misleading and make some ambiguities for the
reader in the receptor language. 5.
Restructuring. The target language has to be properly arranged by the translator in order to produce a good translation text. It is not
26
A. Widyamartaya, Seni Menerjemahkan, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1989, p.16
27
Ibid, p.17
only about the language style of source language, but the translator also needs to make the sentences and meanings in a translation text
related each other. 6.
Checking. If a translation text has only been translated once by the translator, it cannot be said as a final result translation. It must be
revised multiple times. The things that should be checked from the first draft translation are the error of the words selection and its
punctuations in the sentences. It has to be appropriate with the meaning.
7. Discussion. The translator ends the process of translation by
discussing his translation with some translators or some people in certain fields of the translation text. The focus of discusses is the
content of translation text and the language used. “Cara yang baik untuk
mengakhiri proses
penerjemahan ialah
penerjemah mendiskusikan hasil terjemahannya, baik menyangkut isinya
maupun menyangkut bahasanya.”
28
28
Ibid, p.18
4. Method and Procedure of Translation