Lacks and Students’ Needs

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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the answer of the research question: What is the design of English speaking materials using experiential learning for the tenth grade students of senior high school? The speaking materials were intended for the tent grade students of senior high school. The materials were designed using some theories listed in chapter II. In designing the materials, the researcher applied Experiential learning and combined some of the instructional design models such as Kemp’s instructional design model, and Yalden’s instructional design model. The Research and Development R D was employed as the method in this study. The design of English speaking materials was elaborated as follows:

A. Lacks and Students’ Needs

In order to obtain the data for designing the materials, the researcher conducted research and information collecting. Research and information collecting was regarded very important since it was aimed at finding the participants’ interests, needs, and difficulties in learning English. The data were obtained by conducting an interview with a tenth grade English teacher of SMA Pangudi Luhur Yogyakarta and by distributing questionnaire to the tenth grade students of SMA Pangudi Luhur Yogyakarta. From the results of the interview, the teacher realized that not all students had good skill in speaking. The students were not really motivated in speaking English. 49 They thought that speaking was very difficult. Therefore, they felt afraid and shy whenever they were asked to speak in English. According to the teacher, the problems faced by the students in speaking were related to students’ motivation, grammar and vocabulary. Beside, the teacher had employed several techniques in teaching speaking such as making monolog individually, making conversation in pairsgroups, conducting games, and so on. Whereas, in teaching speaking, the teacher applied the materials from Look Ahead 1 and from the internet. From the questionnaire, the researcher found that all students agreed that English need to be learnt. Most students were interested in speaking skill however they do not speak English outside the class. Although most students were interested in speaking skill, they still assumed that it was not easy to speak in English. The biggest problem faced by the students in speaking was about grammar. Most of them confused on the grammar that they should use. Therefore, they had difficulties to speak in English using the correct grammar. The second major problem that made the students difficult to speak was motivation. Most students had lack motivation to speak in English. They tended to be passive students. Most of the students were shy and afraid whenever they were asked to speak in English. The next problem was related to vocabulary. Some students felt that it was difficult to speak when they had lack of vocabularies. The other problem faced by the students was about the idea. Some students said they did not have any idea to say when they were asked to speak English. They did not know where to start whenever they were asked to speak in English. Some students were also had problem on the pronunciation. They were difficult to speak in English because they did not know how to pronounce the words. 50 The biggest difficulty faced by the students was on the grammar. Therefore, in designing the speaking materials the researcher developed the materials that provide the students with some exercises dealt with grammar. Next, to solve the problem related to the lack of motivation in learning speaking skill, the researcher provided interesting topics and activities to be learnt by the students in order to motivate them to speak in English. Various kinds of activities were also developed in these designed materials to avoid the students’ boredom in learning speaking. The result of the questionnaire showed that the old teaching technique such as lecturing was less liked by the students. Most students liked learning the lesson through games, role play, story telling, and discussion. Therefore in designing the material, the researcher applied some techniques that are chosen by most of the students. The students were interested in various kinds of media used in learning speaking. Most of the students chose film, video, and picture as media in learning speaking. Therefore in designing the material, the researcher applied those kinds of media in order to attract the students’ attention in learning speaking and to motivate them to speak in English. The students were also interested in various kinds of learning topics. There were some learning topics that the researcher had provided such as introduction, recount, narrative, invitation, descriptive, and news item. Then, there were eighteen themes that were provided in the questionnaire. They were Sport, New friend, Family, Feeling, Profession, Environment, Events, My school, My hobby, Art, Film, Shopping, Tales, Recreation, Animals, Daily activities, Health and Thanking. Most 51 of the students were interested in learning about recreation, new friend, school, hobby, tales, family, animals, and events. The table of the results of the questionnaire was presented as follows. Table 4.1 The Result of the Needs Survey No Questions Options Number and Percentage 1. Does English need to be learnt? a. Yes b. No 40 - 100 - 2. Are you interested in speaking skill? a. Yes b. No 37 3 92.5 7.5 3. Do you speak English outside class? a. Yes b. No 4 36 10 90 4. Do you think it is easy to speak in English? a. Yes b. No 2 38 5 95 5. What are your difficulties of learning English especially speaking? a. Pronunciation b. Vocabulary c. Grammar d. Idea e. Motivation f. Others: ………… 3

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9 28 4 7.5 42.5 82.5 22.5 70 10 6. What activities do you want in learning speaking? a. Retell the story orally b. Role play c. Games d. Class discussion e. Group discussion f. Debate g. Lecturing h. Interview i. Others: ……….. j. 16 19 28 12 17 4 5 14 1 40 47.5 70 30 42.5 10 12.5 35 2.5 7. What media do you want in learning speaking? a. Picture b. Card c. Video d. Film e. Poster f. Newspapermagazine g. Tape h. Whiteboard i. Others: ………. 24 8 26 35 9 6 7 11 3 60 20 65 87.5 22.5 15 17.5 27.5 7.5 Continued to page 52 52 Continued from page 51 8. Choose 8 topics that you want to learn a. Sport b. New friend c. Family d. Feeling e. Profession f. Environment g. Party h. My school i. My hobby j. Art k. Film l. Shopping m. Tales n. Recreation o. Animals p. Daily activities q. Health r. Thanking 11 27 20 7 12 5 18 27 25 16 17 15 23 28 21 9 8 5 27.5 67.5 50 17.5 30 12.5 45 67.5 62.5 40 42.5 37.5 57.5 70 52.5 22.5 20 12.5 The following discussion is the summary of lacks and students’ need. Lacks 1. The students’ had low motivation in speaking using English. 2. The students were difficult to speak because of the grammar. 3. The students were difficult to speak because they had lack of vocabulary mastery. Students’ needs 1. Interesting speaking materials which could motivate the students to speak. 2. Speaking materials which could help the students used correct grammar. 3. Speaking materials which could helped the students gained their vocabulary mastery. 53

B. Goals, Topics, and General Purposes