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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, the researcher would like to discuss some theories related to the study, the theoretical description and theoretical framework. The theoretical
description presents a detailed discussion of some important concept related to the study. The concepts discussed here are Research and Development R D,
Instructional Design Models, Experiential Learning, Set Induction Skills, School- Based Curriculum 2006, and Theory of Speaking. Then the theoretical framework
presents all major relevant theories which help the researcher solve the research problems.
A. Theoretical Description
The following paragraphs are theoretical description of some important concepts related to designing supplementary speaking materials using experiential
learning for the tenth grade students of senior high school. The descriptions are as follows:
1. Research and Development R D
Borg and Gall 1983: 771 suggest a strategy to develop educational product which called Research and Development R D. Research and Development is a
process used to develop and validate educational products 1983: 772. It consists of a cycle in which a version of the product is developed, field-tested, and revised on
the basis of field-test data. There are 10 steps in the R D cycle:
10 a.
Research and information collecting It includes review of literature, classroom observations, and preparation of report
state of art. b.
Planning It includes defining skills, stating objectives determining course sequence, and
small scale feasibility testing. c.
Develop preliminary form of product It is preparation of instructional materials, handbooks, and evaluation devices.
d. Preliminary field resting
It is conducted in from 1 to 3 schools, using 6 to 12 subjects. Interview, observational and questionnaire data collected and analyzed.
e. Main product revision
It is revision of product as suggested by preliminary field-test results. f.
Main field testing It is conducted in 5 to 15 schools with 30 to 100 subjects. Quantitative data on
subjects’ precourse and postcourse performance are collected. Results are evaluated with respect to course objectives and are compared with control group
data, when appropriate. g.
Operational product revision It is revision of product as suggested by main-test results.
h. Operational field testing
It is conducted in 10 to 30 schools involving 40 to 200 subjects. Interview, observational and questionnaire data are collected and analyzed.
11 i.
Final product revision It is revision of product as suggested by operational field-test results.
j. Dissemination and implementation
It is report on product at professional meetings and in journals. Work with publisher who assumes commercial distribution. Monitor distribution to provide
quality control.
2. Instructional Design Models
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