Biol. Chem. Research. 47 Isolation of Saccharomyces Spp from Manure of Beef Bali Cattle as a Probiotics Properties and has CMC-ase Activity to Improve Nurient Quality of Rice Bran.

I solation of……………………………….Rice Bran Candraw ati, et al., 20 14 gizzard 2.6, duodenum 5.7-6.0, jejunum 5.8, ileum 6.3, colon 6.3, and ceca 5.7 Hidayat , 2010. Som e advant ages of Saccharomyces ferm ent at ion process, t hese microorganisms are rapidly proliferat ing, resist ant to high alcohol cont ent , resist ant t o high t em perat ures, has held st eady and rapid nature of adapt at ion. According t o Ahm ad 2005, t emperat ure opt imum environm ent for yeast grow t h is 25-30 C and a m axim um t em perat ure of 35-47 C. Som e advant ages Saccharomyces microorganisms in the ferm ent at ion process t hat is rapidly proliferat ing, resist ant t o high alcohol cont ent , resist ant to high t emperat ures, has held st eady and rapid nature of the adaptat ion. CM C-ase enzym e act ivit y endo-1,4-bet a-glukonase is a clear zone around the colony indicat ed that the m icrobes have a st rong ext racellular cellulase enzyme activit y. The size of t he clear zone and the apparent absence of clear zone, an indicator of the abilit y of the microbes t o break down cellulose, as w ell as fast and slow arise t he clear zone Van Devoorde and Verstraet e, 1987. Ut ama et al. 2006 report ed t hat t he yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is yeast capable of producing t he enzym es am ylase and selulolase, so as t o increase t he digest ibilit y of protein and crude fiber such as cellulose and hemicellulose, as has been overhauled in t he form of a sim ple monosaccharide. Cellulolyt ic yeast s capable of producing t he enzyme 1,4 bet a-endo-glukonase, 1,4 bet a- exo glukonase, and bet a-glucosidase t hat can degrade com ponent s of crude fiber into soluble carbohydrat es How ard et al., 2003 According Ut am a et al. 2006, ferm ent at ion feed purpose is t o improve t he usabilit y of feed and eliminat ion of ant i- nut rit ional subst ances, as well as ut ilize biom ass form ed. Rice bran ferm ent ed w ith yeast w ill be able t o increase t he m icrobial biomass, so t hat the crude prot ein cont ent of rice bran increased. Also report ed that the ferm ent at ion process and the product is affect ed by t he t ype and number of microbes, subst rat t ypes, pH, and t em perat ure during t he ferm ent at ion process. Biom ass is a form of mass from t he biological processes of microorganisms. M icroorganisms capable of convert ing mat erial int o prot eins. The ferm ent at ion process has the object ive t o produce a product m at erial feed t hat have a nut rient cont ent, t ext ure, bet t er biological availabilit y, and reduce subst ance antinut risi. Suparjo et al. 2003 st at ed that t he ferm ent at ion of rice bran with 0.2 Aspergillus niger cultured for 72 hours can m arkedly increase prot ein and phosphorus cont ent of rice bran, on the cont rary low er crude fiber cont ent and acid phyt at rice bran. According Sumarsih et al. 2007, the longer t he st orage t im e of feed ingredient s w hen ferm ent ed by Trichoderma viride, t he m ore t he loss of dry mat t er and organic m att er mat erial, inst ead increasing t he crude prot ein cont ent and m aterials decreased crude fiber cont ent m at erial. Also report ed that the longer t he ferment at ion process or mat erials st orage t ime, t he increased dry m at t er digest ibilit y and organic m att er mat erials. According t o Jaelani et al. 2008, the increase in M E cont ent of palm kernel cake palm kernel cake m eal as a result of ferm ent at ion by the fungus T. reesei of 1824.13 kcal kg t o 1930.44 kcal kg suspect ed because of t he degradat ion of m annan polysaccharides exist in palm kernel by fungus T. reesei into simpler form s m onosaccharides t hat produces enough energy value bet t er t han in the form of polysaccharides mannan.

J. Biol. Chem. Research. 47

Vol. 3 1, No. 1: 3 9-52 20 14 I solation of……………………………….Rice Bran Candraw ati, et al., 20 14 The sam e t hing w as report ed also by Sabini et al. 2000 which st at es t hat t he fungus T. reesei is able t o degrade a polysaccharide mannan mannot riosa, m annobiosa, and monnosa. According to Jaelani et al. 2008, ferment ed palm kernel cake can m arkedly increase t he crude prot ein cont ent compared to palm kernel cake w it hout ferm ent at ion. Table 3 show s t he chem ical composit ion of unferm ent ed rice bran UFR and ferm ent ed rice bran FR ingredient . The digest ibilit y both of crude prot ein, organic m at t er, crude fibre, and met abolizable energy w ere slight ly increased by S.cerevisiae ferm ent at ion. S. cerevisiae can not effect on crude fiber digest ibility of rice bran. Becouse, among t he cell w all polysaccharides of rice bran known as nonst arch polysaccharides NSP are celluloses, pect ins, and oligosaccharides. NSPs can not be degraded enzymit ically in t he digest ive syst em s of t he birds due t o the lacking of enzymes degrading the NSPs in t heir digest ive syst ems Choct , 2002. The digest ibilit y of crude prot ein, crude fiber, and M E w ere slight ly increased by t he ferm ent at ion. These result s indicat ed that carbohydrat es other t han fibres w ere used for m icrobial grow t h Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the reduct ion of nit rogen free ext ract result ed in increased concent ration of t he other com ponent s. Yi et al. l996 report ed t hat supplement at ion of m icrobial in diet s im proved N ret ent ion in broiler chickens and in vit ro digest ibilit y of veget able prot ein. Also, Chen et al. 2005 report ed that addit ion of 0.20 complex probiot ic L.acidophilus and S.cerivisae in basal diet s w ere inceased digest iblit ies of dry matt er. Ferm ent ed of rice bran ingredient by ragi Saccharomyces cereviseae had bet t er digest ibilit ies, because Saccharomyces cereviseae in the gast roint est inal t ract can part of an probiot ics sourches. Also, Piao et al. l999, suggest ed t hat probiot ics in the gast ro intest inal t ract can improve prot ein and energy ret ent ion on t he body of birds. These fungal are effect ive in degrading of t he complex com pounds such as b et a-glucans and arabinoxylans Bedford and Classen, 1992. Bioferm ent at ion of rice bran by Saccharomuces spp.S-6 and S-7 isolat es cult ure had bet t er digest ibility, because Saccharomuces spp culture in the gast ro int est inal t ract can t o be part of probiotic sources. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as part of probiot ic could im prove prot ein and energy ret ent ion in t he gast ro intest inal t ract of the birds Piao et al., l999. Cho et al. 2007 report ed that supplement at ion of m icrobe in diet could improve t he bioavailabilit y of diet ary. Wang et al. 2004 report ed t hat t he inclusion of fiber sources such as w heat bran or pot at o st arch reduced t he m aint enance of energy requirem ent . These fungi are effect ive in degradating the complex compounds such as bet a-glucans and arabinoxylans Dubey, 2006. Chen et al. 2005 report ed that diet ary supplement at ion of complex probiot ic slight ly improved digest ibilit y of nut rient s. Inconsist ent report s about the effect of probiotics m ay be due t o several aspect s such as st rains of bact eria, dose level, diet composition, feeding st rat egy, feed form , and interact ion with other diet ary feed addit ives Chesson, 1994. The high level of non-st arch polysaccharides NSP in rice bran is limit ing it s unrest rict ed use in poult ry feeding. The NSP is know n increasing t he gut viscosit y, reduce nut rient absorption in t he int est ine and affect indirect ly t he grow t h and perform ance of bird Rham es et al., 2006; Cho et al., 2007.

J. Biol. Chem. Research. 48