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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Professionalism
Prabowohadi 1983, p. 17 mentions that professionalism is a skill or a quality of a person that shows a high standard of work.
In addition, Amato 1979, p. 19 suggests the professionalism of guide can be seen from the ability to communicate and to give people what they really need.
From those definitions, the writer concludes that professionalism of a guide is a skill of the guide with a high standard of work seen from their ability to
communicate and to give good service.
B. Guide
According to Suwantoro 1997, p. 13, guides is someone who gives explanation and direction to the tourists and other travelers about everything that they
would like to see when they visit an object or certain places. Whereas, Kesrul 2004, p. 3 states that a guide is a person who gives
guidance, explanation, and direction about tourist attraction, and who helps tourist from the beginning until the end of tour activities.
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Meanwhile, in Muhajir’s book, Soenarno 2005, p. 11 says that a guide is
someone who has a duty to accompany and to explain to the visitors about tourist attraction.
To sum up those definitions, a guide is a person who accompanies and explains certain tourist attraction. Besides, the guide also has a responsibility to help
tourists from the beginning until the end of a tour.
C. The Classification of Guide
According to Muhajir 2005, p. 13, the types of guide are divided as follows: 1.
Based on the place where the guide conducts the duty, they are: a.
Local Guide On-side guide A local guide On-side guide is a guide who handles a tour for one hour
or a few hours in special place such as tourist attraction or limited areas, for example historical building, museum, fabric, and scientific research
center. b.
City Guide A city guide is a guide who escorts tourist and gives information about
main tourist attraction in a city. The guiding process is usually done on bus or other vechiles.
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2. Based on the specification of the guide, they are:
a. Special Guide
A special guide is a guide who has special duty in one of tourist attractions.
b. General Guide
A general guide is a guide who is not only on duty in one tourist attraction, but also wherever when heshe is required. General guide
should have extensive knowledge about the history of tourist attraction, culture, art, etc.
3. Based on the tourist’s origin and country where the tour is held, they are:
a. In-Bound Tour Guide
An in-bound tour guide is a guide who handles foreigner having a tour in the country where the guide works.
b. Out-Bound Tour Guide
An out-bound tour guide is a guide who accompanies tourist to go abroad. c.
Domestic Tour Guide A domestic tour guide is a guide who handles local tourists having a tour
in their own country. 4.
Based on the Status, they are: a.
Payroll Guide A payroll guide is a guide who works only in travel agent or tourism
institution. Payroll guide is also called full-time guide or guide staff.
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b. Freelance Guide
A freelance guide is a guide who works in a tourism travel agent as a part- time guide, or step-on guide who works in certain season. This guide
usually works when they get a call from the agency. 5.
Based on the level, they are: The duties of the guide are arranged in the letter of decree by Minister of
Tourism, Post and Telecommunications No. KM 82PW102MPPT-88 about tourism and tour manager. Based on the letter of decree, the types of guide are
divided as follows: a.
Young Guide A young guide is a guide who works in a region level II
where the guide’s certificate is given. The certificate is obtained from a course or an exam
with specific requirement. b.
Medium Guide A medium guide is a guide who works in a region level I where the
guide’s certificate is given. c.
Tour manager A tour manager is an official of tourism travel agent who has knowledge
and skill. It is also able to handle a group of tourists.
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6. Based on the number of tourists to be handled, they are:
a. Group Tour Guide
A group tour guide is a guide who handles the tourist in a group. This guide is often called GIT Group Inclusive Tour.
b. Individual Tour Guide
An individual tour guide is a guide who handles individual tourist. This guide is known as FIT Free Individual Traveler.
D. The Duties of Guide
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