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Sentence [2] consists of a main clause and an adjective clause. The relative pronoun who marks the clause who helped me as an adjective clause. Considering
the merge operation, the verb helped merges with the object pronoun me to form a VP, however I occurs because the verb helped marks and specifies the time
frame. The I merges with the relative pronoun who to form a CP. CP merges with the noun phrase the woman to form a NP. Then, it merges with the verb thanked
to form a VP, however, it should be dubbed as I because it specifies the time frame and marks the tense. Finally, the I merges with the subject pronoun I to
form an IP. However, talking about the complementizer phrase does not only involve merger operation but also movement operation. The following part
discusses the movement operation related to the adjective clause.
d. Wh Movement and Trace on Complemetizer Phrase
According to O’Grady et al. 2005: 171, there are two mechanisms which can be employed to help in analysing sentences. First, merger operation accounts
for the formation of phrases from smaller syntactic category. The second one is movement operation. The movement operation modifies the arrangement of the
syntactic category in the tree diagram by moving an element from one position to another. This movement results on two distinct levels of syntactic structure. They
are deep structure or D-structure and surface structure or S-structure. Therefore, in analysing the adjective those two mechanisms should be considered. By
considering those mechanisms it will give a complete explanation on the nature of the adjective clause in a sentence. Figure 2.6 illustrates it.
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Merge
DEEP STRUCTURE
Move
SURFACE STRUCTURE
Figure 2.6 How Derivations Works O’Grady et al., 2005: 172
As Figure 2.6 depicts, merger operation accounts for the formation of the larger phrasal category in accordance with X schema. It results on the deep
structure. By the involvement of the movement operation in the deep structure, it results surface structure. Sentence [8] which consists of [8a] and [8b] illustrates
those derivations. [8] The car which John bought is cheap.
[8a] The car is cheap. [8b] John bought the car.
By comparing [8a], [8b] and [8] it can be concluded that [8b] embeds in the main clause [8a] to form a complex sentence [8]. Since the phrase the car in [8b]
corresponds to the same phrase in [8a], the relative pronoun which replaces it. In addition, according to O’Grady et al. 2005: 175 and 184, the relative pronoun
should follows the Wh movement principle which requires the Wh phrase under the position of CP. Another point is that there is an empty position which is left as
the result of the movement. This empty position is called a trace t O’Grady et al., 2005: 170. Those explanations are illustrated on Figure 2.7 and 2.8 on the
followings. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Figure 2.7 An Example of the D-Structure of an Adjective Clause O’Grady et al., 2005: 185
Figure 2.8 An Example of S-Structure as a Result of the Movement O’Grady et al., 2005: 185
In order to understand the nature of the Wh movement and the trace, observing the relative pronoun which is very helpful. The noun phrase the car which has been
replaced by the relative pronoun which is originally located as the direct object of the verb bought. Following the principle which requires to move the Wh phrase
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under the CP, the relative pronoun which moves to the initial position of the pronoun John. Once the position is vacated, the trace marks the original position
of the Wh phrase. The resulted phrase is the same as the phrase which is left.
e. The Syntactic Structure of the Adjective Clause
