Critical Approach Review of Related Theories 1. Character and Characterization
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programmed in the human mind even before the human is born. This is what most people call the “instinct” Petri, 1981:5.
3 Learning Motives are often drawn through observation. This process is called
modeling. That is why as a person gets older, his motivations become more complex. Finnbogason and Guillaume in Piaget mention the role of imitation in
the learning proccess Piaget, 1962:87-88. In child development, imitation continues into assimilation. It is also often related with the children’s intelligence;
the brighter the children are, the more complex their play is. 4 Social interaction
Our behaviour is frequently motivated by the presence of other alters. They are family, friends, or acquintances Petri, 1981:6. In some cases, even
strangers influence our behaviour. Without other people around us, we will be lonely. Paloutzian and Janigian 1989: 32 write that there are two kinds of
loneliness: emotional loneliness and social loneliness. Emotional loneliness is a state where someone feels lonely though he or she is surrounded by many
people, while social loneliness is a state where a person is lonely because of social isolation. Socially, loneliness is hard to overcome, but it can be reduced by having
someone to love Hojat, 1989:93. Social isolaton may reduce one’s sense of dignity perception.
5 Cognitive processes The cognitive processes within ourselves cause significant difference in
the foundation and development of motivation. The process of thinking, for example, has a significant role in the way we direct our behaviour Petri, 1981:6.
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6 Hedonism Hedonism comes from the assumption that we are motivated by pleasure
and pain; we learn to approach situations that are pleasurable and learn to avoid situations that are painful Petri, 1981:7.
7 Growth of Motivation Growth of motivation stresses the idea that humans are motivated to reach
their full potential-physical, psychological, and emotional needs. Rogers 1961 calls it as the fully functioning individual while Maslow 1970 uses the term self-
actualization Petri, 1981:7. From those explanations we can see that there are many things
that can force us to do something. However, in reality, there are two things That are dominant. They are learning and social interaction. Learning is
a motivation
that is
gained from inside a human, that is human
thinking. We can say that it is the inner factor. While social interaction is
the outer factor that
a person
gets from
his acquaintance
with others.
However, both factors
do not stand alone, they influence each other.