Perspectives on lifestyle Lifestyle a. Definitions

19 of vegetarianism, veganism, freeganism, environmentalism, and feminism, social conservatism which consist of nationalism, fundamentalism, and moralism, political independence and hedonism. www.wikipedia.orglist_of_lifestyles In this thesis I will use environmentalism. Environmentalism is “a lifestyle of those who concern for preservation, reservation, or improvement of the natural environment, such as the conservation of natural resources, prevention of polution, and the proper land using” http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiEnvironmentalism. 5 Lifestyle classifications used in marketing: achievers, affluent, belongers joiners, early adopters, empty nesters, emulators, opinion leaders, over consumers, young singles, yuppies Mitchell:2006 6 Military lifestyles: guerrilla, child soldier, mercenary, survivalism, soldier, terrorist www.wikipedia.orglist_of_lifestyles. 7 Sexual lifestyles: celibacy, chastity, free love, leather virginity, monogamy, polyandry, polygamy, polygyny, serial monogamy, swinging, transvestism, transsexualism, zoosexuality www.wikipedia.orglist_of_lifestyles. This thesis will likely employ one of them, that is serial monogamy. Serial monogamy is a form of monogamy in which the participants have only one sexual partner at any one time. What makes it different with ‘true’ monogamy is the ‘true’ monogamy suggests having one sexual partner in a lifetime while serial monogamy proposes to have more than one sexual partner in their lifetime regardless they are married or unmarried http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiSerial_monogamy. 20 8 Lifestyle based on spiritual or religious preferences: Agnostics, Secularity, Ahimsa, Hinduism, Baha’I Faith, Breatharianism, Buddhism, Christianity, Cults, Evangelicalism, Eremitism, Islam, Judaism, Missionary, Preisthood, rasta, Zen, Thelema, Yoga This thesis will use one of the lifestyles based on spiritual preferences, that is secularity. Secularity is the state of being free from religious or spiritual qualities http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiSecularity. Secularity has two distinct meanings. The first one is it asserts the freedom of religion, and freedom from religion, and the second one is it refers to a belief that human activities and decisions should be based on evidence and fact, not superstitious beliefs and religious domination. 9 Musical subculture lifestyles: Beatnik, Emo, Goth, Hip-hop, Mod, Punk, Rave www.wikipedia.orglist_of_lifestyles 10 Lifestyle based on recreation: Surfer, Athleticism, Hunter, Extreme Sport, Artist, golf, Recreational drug use www.wikipedia.orglist_of_lifestyles.

d. Elements of lifestyle

Frolich and Potvin in Lyons and Langille 2000:22-27 write that there are several determinants or elements of lifestyles. They are: 1 Personal life skills Here, life skills are the abilities for adaptive and positive behaviors that enable people to deal effectively with the demands of everyday life. They consist of personal, interpersonal, cognitive, and physical skills that enable people to control and direct their lives. Some of personal life skills are literacy and numeracy, decision making and problem solving, creative and critical thinking,