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She also puts an emphasis on television which she considers as the biggest influence on lifestyle choice.
2. Survival In Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary 1974:871 survival is defined
as the state of continuing to live or exist, often despite difficulty or danger. White in Franken 2002:6 writes that humans interact with their environment in two
basic needs; the need to master the environment on one hand, and looking out for their survival on the other. In addressing these needs humans usually put their
survival needs first over the mastery. From that explanation, we can see that survival has a higher degree of substance than any other need in most situations.
3. Character Abrams 1981: 20 defines a character as a person who is presented in a
dramatic narrative work. The person is interpreted by the readers as being gifted with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what the say – the
dialogues- and by what they do – the actions. From this definition we can say that in a literary work, character is a figure that has certain characteristics.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter consists of three sections. The first section is a review of related theories, the second section presents some criticisms about the novel
analyzed, and the third section presents a theoretical framework that describes how the theories reviewed are used in analyzing the novel.
A. Review of Related Theories 1. Character and Characterization
Pickering 1986:26 explains that the term character pertains to any individual in a literary work. A major or central character of the plot can be the
protagonist; his opponent is the antagonist. He describes that it is usually easy to
identify the protagonist since he or she is the essential character whose fate becomes the readers’ focus of attention. However, the term protagonist and
antagonist do not imply a judgement about the moral worth of either since many protagonists and antagonists represent a complex mixture of both positive and
negative qualities. Forster in Pickering 1986:27 distinguishes two types of character to
describe the relative degree to which the writer develops them. These are flat and round characters. Flat characters or also referred to as type characters or one-
dimensional characters are those who embody or represent a single characteristic, trait, or idea, or at most a very limited number of such qualities. They are usually
minor actors in the novel or stories in which they appear, although it is not always so. While round characters are the opposite. They represent a number of qualities
