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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS AND THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents some literatures that have similar topic with this study. It is important to review some related literatures in order to support the analysis of
this study. The weakness and strength can be found in the present reviews. Moreover, there are some concepts are explained on next chapter. Then, the last
subchapter presents the theoretical framework, which explains Saussure‘s Model of Signs and Bhartes ―Order of Signification‖.
2.1 Review of Literatures
The first review by Putra 2015, in his study entitled ―Verbal and Non- Verbal Signs in
Gastrode sports Drink Advertisement‖ intended to find out the messages and the relationship between the verbal and non-verbal signs in
Gastrode Sport drink advertisement. In this qualitative study, he found that the verbal and non-verbal signs used in Gastrode Sports drink advertisement under
study convey messages such as: victory, confidence in facing any challenges in life and the fame of popular athlete. The messages can persuade readers so that
readers want to buy and consume the product. The verbal signs and the non-verbal signs are also related using anchorage or relay to ease readers to understand the
message of the advertisements. In general, this study has the relevance with the present study. This study and present study analyzed verbal and non-verbal and
their relation between verbal and non-verbal the data. The present study applied
―myth‖ as analyzing the data. It was different from the previous study, which merely applied denotative and connotative in analyzing data.
The next review entitled ―Visual and Verbal Signs of Memes Based on Movies Character‖ by Kresna 2015. This study discussed about classifying and
finding the relation between signifier and signified of the verbal and visual signs of memes. This qualitative study applied Saussure theory to find signified and
signifier of verbal and visual signs of the memes and Dyer theory of types of Visual Communication. The relevance to this study is both are using a theory of
Saussure about Signified and Signified and the relation between visual and non- verbal the data. The difference between this study and the present study is the
previous study used internet memes as data source, however the current study use mural as data source and the present study analyzed the ―myth‖ of the data source.
Third ly, the undergraduate study entitled ―Semiotic Analysis of Character‘s
Motions in Marvel‘s Comic Iron Man 3 Prelude – Iron Man Extremis‖ by Wibawa 2015 mainly focused on the analysis of the meanings of the character‘s
motions and the relationship between the character‘s motion and textual devices in
creating the event in the five pages of the comic. The data of his study were taken from
Marvel Comic’s book entitled Iron Man 3 Prelude – Iron Man Extremis edition 2013 written by Chisto Gage with Will Corona Pilgrim. The theories
applied to support his paper are theory of semiotic proposed by Saussure 1983 to analyze the first problem about meaning of the signifiers and signified of the
character‘s motions, and theory of relationships in comic from Scott McCloud 1993 to analyze the second problem about the relation between the character‘s