Review of Literatures REVIEW OF LITERATURES, CONCEPTS AND THEORETICAL
―myth‖ as analyzing the data. It was different from the previous study, which merely applied denotative and connotative in analyzing data.
The next review entitled ―Visual and Verbal Signs of Memes Based on Movies Character‖ by Kresna 2015. This study discussed about classifying and
finding the relation between signifier and signified of the verbal and visual signs of memes. This qualitative study applied Saussure theory to find signified and
signifier of verbal and visual signs of the memes and Dyer theory of types of Visual Communication. The relevance to this study is both are using a theory of
Saussure about Signified and Signified and the relation between visual and non- verbal the data. The difference between this study and the present study is the
previous study used internet memes as data source, however the current study use mural as data source and the present study analyzed the ―myth‖ of the data source.
Third ly, the undergraduate study entitled ―Semiotic Analysis of Character‘s
Motions in Marvel‘s Comic Iron Man 3 Prelude – Iron Man Extremis‖ by Wibawa 2015 mainly focused on the analysis of the meanings of the character‘s
motions and the relationship between the character‘s motion and textual devices in
creating the event in the five pages of the comic. The data of his study were taken from
Marvel Comic’s book entitled Iron Man 3 Prelude – Iron Man Extremis edition 2013 written by Chisto Gage with Will Corona Pilgrim. The theories
applied to support his paper are theory of semiotic proposed by Saussure 1983 to analyze the first problem about meaning of the signifiers and signified of the
character‘s motions, and theory of relationships in comic from Scott McCloud 1993 to analyze the second problem about the relation between the character‘s
motions and textual devices in creating the event. The data of his study was descriptively analyzed by using qualitative method. The result of his study was
the charact er‘s motions which consist of signifiers and signified were illustrated
truly similar like people or human‘s motion in real life. For example, a picture of a person who does a wrestling move looks like what it happens in real life. Also, it
proves that the clear events of each panel in the comic book were produced by the relations between the character‘s motions and the textual devices – speech
balloons or sound effects. In his study, he analyzed the signifier and signified in visual sign in appropriate way, however, the way he analyzed the signifier and
signified in verbal signs does not explained detail and clear. Besides, the way he used main theory proposed by Saussure are similar with this study.
An article on International Journal entitled ―The Semiology Analysis In Media Studies: Roland Barthes Approach‖ by Feyrouz Bouzida focused on the
application of semiology in media studies according to Barthes approach, in the way that emphasizes the nonverbal communication, the visual image, the
photograph as a sign system. Additionally, the process of semiology in this field refers to signs in all their manifestations, linguistic or nonlinguistic, which involve
the signifier and the signified as the main components of media signs according to the cultural phenomena including: films, photographs, fashion, advertising... etc.
On the other hand, Barthes semiological approach is highly applied in media analysis as a qualitative approach that can be applied to media texts in which the
readersreceivers as a key aspect plays an important role in the construction of meanings and giving interpretations in association to his experiences and socio-
cultural background. Thus, Barthes works makes valuable contributions in understanding media signs that are expressed by two messages the first is denoted
and the second is connoted in the process of significance. The last is an article on Journal of Media and Communication Studies
2015 named ―Reinterpreting Some Key Concepts in Barthes‘ Theory‖. This journal makes clear some basic concepts in semiotic studies like signifier,
signified and referent and core concepts in Roland Barthes‘s theory restudied with new developments especially in connotateurs, meta-language and meaning
transfer, which play a key role in understanding how myth constructed with the two mechanisms of naturalizing and generalizing. With the new understanding,
the paper studies the representative signs from television and their semiotic function and concludes that meaning transfer is the fundamental way for media
signs to construct new meanings. In accordance with the previous studies and article on international journals
related to the verbal and visual signs, this study focused on the description of verbal and visual sign on mural. However there were some differences to the
present study. Then, this study also has strong point in analyzing the third meaning known as the ideology of murals in Denpasar. All of the previous studies
that reviewed gave a lot of contribution to the future study.