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D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
In conducting a research, instruments are needed so the research will be easily organized and the data collection will be completely obtained. There were
four types of instruments used in this research, namely interview, observation checklist, tests, and focus group interview. However, the researcher used three
instruments only in the research activities and used one instrument in the pre- research activity. Interview was used in one of the pre-research activities beside
pre-scaffolding learning writing assignment and questionnaire to gather the underlying data for designing the research. Tests were used to gather data to answer
the first research problem, whereas focus group interview and observation checklist were used to answer the second research problem. The following is the detailed
explanation of each instrument along with the technique of gathering the data.
1. Interview
Interview was the first instrument used by the researcher. However, interview was a pre-research instrument. The researcher conducted an interview
before designing the research. The interview was conducted to find the detailed description of English Club course. The description was used to find out the
background, the goal, and all of things about English Club in PGSD USD. This description was also used to make the research useful and in line with the goal of
the course. However, since there was the changing policy of conducting English courses from the study program, the detailed description of English Club for this
semester needed changing. Unfortunately, the document was not ready yet. In other words, the document about the description of the course was not revised yet. For
30 this reason, the researcher tried to obtain the course description from the interview
with Theresia Yunia, S.Pd., M.Hum., the coordinator of English Club. Further, in the interview, the researcher employed a guided interview. It is
an interview using a list of questions or issues that need to be explored in the interview. The list, that became the researcher’s guide, helped the researcher to
make the interview systematic and comprehensive by delimiting in advance some questions and issues needed exploring Patton, 2002.
The researcher’s interview guide could be found in the interview protocol in Appendix 1. Next, to obtain rich
information, the researcher combined the guided interview with open-ended interview. By using open-ended interview, the interviewee was free to give
answers. In other words, the researcher did not limit the answer to specific or particular options or alternatives. In brief, in this research, the researcher combined
two interview approaches namely guided interview and open-ended interview.
2. Observation Checklist
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