26 methods. Although a case study uses various data collection methods, they are all
focused on a single phenomenon or entity and attempt to collect information that can help understand or find out the answer of the study questions.
In this research, there were some ways for data collection. They were testing, observation, and interview that they are further discussed in the next
section. Although there were three data collection methods, all of them were focused on the learning process happened in Class 1D.1, which was the unit of the
research. Moreover, all of the data method attempted to support each other’s finding
in answering the two formulated problems.
B. Research Setting
The research was conducted in PGSD USD. English Club EC is a compulsory course in PGSD USD for students who are in semester one to four.
The course has two credits, each of which meeting takes 100 minutes. The learning activities in the class are under the guide of tutors coming from undergraduate
students of English Language Education Department of the same university. The tutors are encouraged to help students develop all the four skills. Theresia Yunia,
S.Pd., M.Hum., the coordinator of English Club, states that the goal of the course is to make the students more proficient in English in general, especially for the first
semester students. In organizing the English Club learning process, PGSD study program gives
full authority to the tutors to decide what kind of language focus, topics, teaching method, teaching approach, and teaching technique the tutors may use. Moreover,
27 the tutors have their rights to design the learning handout, quizzes, assignments,
and any kind of assignments. Furthermore, in the learning process of English Club, there is no specific competency that a student needs to accomplish in each English
Club ’s level.
In details, the research was conducted in Class 1D.1 during the odd semester of academic year 20152016. The research was conducted on Mondays, starting
from August 21
st
, 2015 until November 30
rd
, 2015. The allocation time of this lesson per each meeting was one hundred minutes. The research was started when
the researcher conducted pre-research interview until the time when the researcher conducted post scaffolding learning process focus group interview. The scaffolding
as an instructional strategy happened in the meetings between those two research activities.
C. Research Participants
The research was a qualitative research and thus the sample needed was purposive sample. Fraenkel, Wallen, and Hyun 2012 define purposive sample as
research sample selected based on personal judgment of the researcher. The researcher is assumed to have worth knowledge that conveys whether or not the
selected sample will be the representative of the study. Therefore, the first semester students were chosen as participants of the research as they were still in the first
year in university learning. They just started their study in university level. Hence, it is needed to train them as soon as possible to be able to break down the steps of
learning and or finishing a task as shown in scaffolding learning designed by the
28 researcher. Once they can identify steps of learning as they experienced in learning
writing, they will be able to continue learning as independent English learner, as
what the end goal of scaffolding is.
The participants who became the sample of the research were the English Club students in class 1D.1 academic year 20152016. The class consisted of
twenty-one 21 female students and five 5 male students belonging to first semester. They have been learning English for 10 years in average. Taking English
course, watching film in English, listening to songs in English, and playing games using English have been their favorite and effective ways to learn English. Their
English ability is in basic level. In other words, they are beginner in English. It is also agreed by Theresia Yunia, S.Pd., M.Hum., the coordinator of English Club
who said that PGSD freshmen’s English level was basic. However, one student is
already in intermediate level. In fact, she once went abroad for a student exchange program. For the complete result of pre scaffolding learning writing evaluation, see
Appendix 5. In the meantime, the researcher also taught directly the materials in the class
where the study was conducted. The researcher was the one who designed the material and the assessment. Besides, an observer was involved in this research to
make field notes and to fill observation checklist as another source of data to avoid data analysis bias.
29
D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
