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In these stages for people around ages of 65 years old above. People in this stages become senior citizens, they tend to slow down our productivity, and
explore life as a retired person. It is during this time they contemplate their accomplishments and are able to develop integrity if they see themselves as
leading a successful life. Erikson 1959 believes if we see our lives as unproductive, feel guilty about past or feel that we did not accomplish life goals
and become dissatisfied with life and develop despair often leading to depression and hopelessness.
5. Conflict Theory
The research includes the theory of conflict. This theory includes the conflict and the conflict resolution. The first part discusses the definition and
types of conflict. Meanwhile, the second part, which is the conflict resolution, focuses on interpersonal conflict resolutions.
a. Conflict
According to Kasschau 2003, psychology is a scientific study of behavior and mental process. When applied to humans, psychology covers
everything that people think, feel, and do. Since the unconscious motivation and conflicts are responsible for human behavior. Therefore, conflict can be
considered as a psychological aspect of human being Kasschau, 2003. According to Insenhart and Spangle 2000, conflict is as an exposed struggle
between at least two independent parties that perceive incompatible goals and inadequate resources and intrusion from another party in obtaining their goals.
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Conflict appears when there is a struggle between two independent parties because they cannot fulfill two or more mutual actions altogether. It happens
whenever incompatible activities occur.Similarly, Hocker and Wilmot 1985 define conflict as an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent
parties who perceive incompatible goals, scare rewards, and interference from the other parties in achieving their goals
According to Gaffar and Khan 2012, there are five major types of conflicts including intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, intergroup, and
organizational levels. From the five types of conflict, a brief detailed information about intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts is discussed further. According to
Gaffar and Khan 2012, intrapersonal conflict arises because of multifarious reasons within an individual. This conflict that happens within an individual
indicates the presence of different ideas, opposing feelings, and activities. It causes stress, anxiety, uncertainty, hesitation, and depression. In contrast,
interpersonal conflict represents conflicts between two individuals. In other words, this conflict occurs between two independent parties. Interpersonal conflict
always presents in groups because individuals differ in terms of values, beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. For instance, interpersonal conflict appears because of
disagreement to achieve individuals’ goals.
1. Conflict Resolution
Conflicts often appear regularly in human life. It makes sense that people have to deal with conflicts. People have to develop strategies to deal with
conflicts. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
