Students’ Writings Observation Sheets Field Notes

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D. Research Instruments

The researcher used some instruments to conduct this study. They were students’ writings, observation sheets, field notes, questionnaires, and interviews.

1. Students’ Writings

This was the main source of the data. In the preliminary study, the students were asked to write news. They could choose the topic given by the researcher. After that, in the first cycle the researcher implemented the jumbled words in the classroom. Then the students wrote a news about accidents. It was still in news item text since the researcher followed the topic from the school. In the second cycle, the activities were same as the first cycle. In the end of the second cycle, the students were asked to write about their experiences in joining school competition. Therefore, the researcher conducted two cycles in this study. Since the researcher wanted to know the students’ ability not only in a particular genre of text news item, she also implemented jumbled words in another genre of text recount. However, it would not affect any result of the research because the researcher did not change the essence of the research. The focus was the simple sentences.

2. Observation Sheets

Here, the researcher used observation sheets. These instruments were used to gather the data about the teaching and learning activity in the preliminary study and during the implementation. This instrument would be filled by the two outside observers. They would help the researcher to observe the teaching and learning 32 activities when the jumbled words were implemented. The researcher could know the activities’ comments given by the observers.

3. Field Notes

Field notes were used to know what was going on in the classroom in the preliminary study and during the implementation in detail. Fraenkel and Wallen 2008 states “In educational research, this usually means the detailed notes researchers take in the educational setting classroom or school as they observe what is going on…” p. 506. In the preliminary study, field notes were used to know the students’ condition in the classroom. Besides that, the researcher asked an outside observer to help her in observing the class. Field notes were used during the implementation to know what was going on in the class, and the interaction happened in the class when the jumbled words were implemented in the class. The researcher asked for help to two co-observers to observe the class. The observers would write down everything that happened in the class, what they heard, saw, experienced and thought during the implementation.

4. Questionnaires