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5. Data Collection Technique
There are several data collections in a qualitative research, such as observations, interviews, documents, and audiovisual materials, Cresswell, 2007:
75. In order to get the description of the phenomenon in this research site, the researcher used two data collections method in collecting the data. They were
observation and interview.
a. Observation
This qualitative study used observation as a technique in gathering the qualitative data about the teacher talk in the classroom. Therefore, the researcher
did some class observations to get the data in the form of audio-visual. Cresswell 2007: 129 states that audio-visual material is one type of data in qualitative
research. This study focuses to find out and describe the functions of the teacher talk in Elementary school English class. The observation was focused on the
utterances used by the teacher. There were two sessions of lesson in which each participant at different classess was observed. Each session lasted for 70 minutes.
All of the participants’ teaching practices were recorded in audio-visual. Thus, there are four audio-visual recordings collected from the class observation. In the
observation process, the researcher was not directly involved in the teaching- learning processes. The researcher only watched and recorded
the teacher’s performance especialy the teacher talk, in order to get the real situation in the
process of teaching-learning. Accordingly, Alwasilah 2003 states that the technique of observation is important because it is possible to describe what goes
on, how things happen and why things happen in particular situation. Data gathering started in the first two weeks on January 2013.
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b. Interview
Interviews is one type of data collection in a qualitative research Cresswell, 2007: 75. In this study, interview was used as a thecnique in
investigating information from the participants about their understanding and purpose of using certain utterances during the process of teaching and learning.
Therefore, the questions used in the interview were constructed based on the result of class observation data analysis. The questions were open-response ones.
The interview yield direct quotation from people about their experiences, opinions, feelings, and knowledge Patton, 2002: 4. The interview in this study
also serves as an important tool for the researcher to ensure the accuracy of the analysis of class observation data gained.
6. Data Analysis
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