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objective is to describe the main characters that have significant roles in the story through what they say, think, and does and how their characterization are
described in Rodrigo Garcia’s Mother and Child screenplay. The second objective is to understand the bond between the main
characters and their mothers. This objective will help to figure the third objective. The third objective is to figure how the bonds are affecting the main
characters as it is depicted in Rodrigo Garcia’s Mother and Child screenplay.
D. Definition of Terms
To avoid ambiguity, the researcher will give explanation about the terms presented in the thesis;
1. Bond
According to American Psychological Association: Dictionary of Psychology, bond is
“a relation between two or more individuals that signifies trust and alliance. In a social context, the existence of such
ATTACHMENT enables individuals to provide emotional support for each other
”. 2007: 129
2. Screenplay
In Understanding Movies , screenplay is “a written description of a
movie’s dialogue and action, which occasionally includes camera directions”. Giannetti, 1987: 473
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter consists of some theories, reviews, and review of other studies which are considered to be related to this study. There are three parts
that will be explained further. The first part is the review of related studies containing some previous studies which are related to this study. The second
part is the review of related theories to be applied to this study. The last part is the theoretical framework which will explain further about the function of
those studies and theories and how they apply in this study.
A. Review of Related Studies
Rodrigo Garcia is a Colombian director. He has directed many winning-awards films and television serials.
Garcia‟s first debut was Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her 2000 which he wrote in 1999. This
film won an award in Cannes Film Festival and nominated for an Emmy Award in 2001. Mother and Child 2010 won Grand Prix du jury at
Deauville American Film Festival 2010 in France. His latest film, Albert Nobbs 2011 was nominated for Oscar award.
Ann Hornaday, a correspondent who writes for Washington Post, wrote an article reviewing
Garcia‟s screenplays and it was published in www.washingtonpost.com. Since most of Rodrigo
Garcia‟s films such as Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her 2000, Nine Lives 2005,
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Mother and Child 2010, Albert Nobbs 2011 are based on his structural studies of
women‟s experiences, she concluded that he is a male director who really understands woman.
It‟s difficult to think of a male director other that Garcia – whom Close calls “just a big bear of a sexy, warm man” – who could
underst and the nuances, not just of being a woman in a man‟s world,
but a woman impersonating a man in a man‟s world.
www.washingtonpost.comentertainmentmoviesrogrigo-garcia-the-man- who-loves-women20120117glQAmryhVQ_story.html
She also compared him with George Cukor, an Oscar winning director, for Garcia‟s film Mother and Child 2010 which becomes the subject of this
thesis. In 2009, he made Mother and Child, starring Naomi Watts and
Annette Bening as an adopted daughter and a birth mother, respectively. It‟s no wonder that by that time Garcia was being
compared to George Cukor, whose sensitivity with women characters and female driven stories made him a favorite with such
stars
as Katherine
Hepburn and
Joan Crawford.
www.washingtonpost.comentertainmentmoviesrogrigo-garcia-the-man- who-loves-women20120117glQAmryhVQ_story.html
It can be concluded that Rodrigo Garcia is a very good as a director and as a screenplay
writer. He also has special attention about women‟s experiences and roles in men‟s world.
The study about how mother – daughter bond affects the daughter
can be found in the study of Amy Tan‟s The Joy Luck Club by Sylvia Eka
Dewi Sucipto, entitled The Influence Of Mother – Daughter Relationship
And Mixed Culture On Characterization In Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club.
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In her thesis, Sucipto states that the relationship between the mother characters and the daughter characters affects the characterization of the
daughters. The influence of mother
– daughter relationship in characterization is reflected in the presence of the conflict, the opposition of past lives,
opinions, life style, thoughts, and manners, between the mother and the daughter. The mother, representing the older generation, is
opposed
with the
daughter, representing
the younger
generation.2001: 53 The researcher agrees on what Sucipto has stated in her thesis because the
bond between a mother and her daughter affects the characterization of the daughter herself. Thus, these effects will be discussed further on this thesis.
B. Review of Related Theories
The researcher applies some theories related to develop this thesis. The theories are:
1. Theories on Character and Characterizations
Character is the most important element in a literary work. It is the element that makes the story seems alive and makes the literary work easier
to understand. According to Abrams in his book of A Glossary of Literary Terms,
Characters are the persons represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the reader as being endowed with
particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from the dialogues and the action. A character may remain
essentially stable, or unchanged in outlook and disposition, from beginning to end of a work, or may undergo a radical change, either
through a gradual process of development or as the result of a crisis.
