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give up the baby daughter for adoption. She thought that what has happened to her is the disappointment to her mother. The second woman is Elizabeth, a full-skilled
lawyer. She is independent and full of ambitions. Elizabeth does not believe in the concept of family. The third woman is Lucy. Lucy is the only character who does
not have a difficult relationship with her mother. She is also the only character who has a husband. Lucy desperately wants a baby daughter but she cannot
conceive it. As the story goes, it is told that Elizabeth was the baby that Karen had given up, and Lucy is about to adopt the baby daughter of Elizabeth‟s.
B. Approach of the Study
To analyze the literary work, the writer needs to understand deeper what happened in the screenplay. To figure out the situation happened in the
screenplay, the writer needs a literary approach. Therefore, the researcher uses the feminism psychoanalytical approach.
It is stated in Guerin‟s A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature
, “In the 1980s, French feminism developed as one of the most exciting of new feminist practices in the use of psychoanalytic
tools for literary analysis” 2005: 227. In A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Feminist Literary Criticism, Maggie Humm says
The dialogue between feminist criticism and psychoanalysis is invaluable for several reasons. While not all feminist criticism shares similar concerns
with psychoanalysis, both address common themes: the psychic relation of mothers, fathers and children; the relation between sexuality and its
expression; the instability of identity shared by authors and readers. Second, both share similar methods: they treat their text, whether the
unconscious or novels, as kinds of codes and as re
presenting the „unsaid‟ in everyday life. 1994: 114
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Since this thesis is related to the bond between the mother characters and the daughter characters and how the bond itself affecting the characterizations of the
daughters, therefore psychoanalytical feminism is appropriate to be applied in the analysis of this thesis.
By watching the movie and reading the screenplay, the researcher comes into an assumption that there is a relationship between mothers‟ role in the bond
between them and their daughters and the characterizations of the daughters, since mothers have the important role in the development of the children. However, this
thesis is using the screenplay which, according to Mast, has the similarity with play 1928: 288 and focusing on how the main characters are affected by other
characters, so the researcher has considered to only using the literary approach. By using this approach, the researcher can relate the theories and the story in the
screenplay.
C. Method of the Study
The library research method is appropriate to use to analyze the screenplay. The researcher also uses the sources from internet. The primary data
that is used is the screenplay itself, Mother and Child, written by Rodrigo Garcia. The secondary data are taken from several books, such as A Handbook of Critical
Approaches to Literature, A Glossary of Literary Terms, How to Analyze Drama, Mastering English Literature, Drama and Performance: an Anthology
, “Film and Literature”, Understanding Movies, From Klein to Kristeva: Psychoanalytic
Feminism and the Search for the ‘Good Enough’ Mother, The Reproduction of
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Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender, A Reader’s Guide to
Contemporary Feminist Literary Criticism, Feminisms: A Reader, Journal of Marriage and the Family, For Mothers of Difficult Daughters and sources that are
taken from the internet. There were several steps that have been done in this research. First, the
researcher watched the movie, found the screenplay, read the screenplay for many times to understand the real situation of the characters and the topic to be chosen
for this thesis. Second, the researcher tried to figure the problem formulation that would help to limit the topic and to analyze. In this step, the researcher also had to
find out and collect the secondary data. The secondary data were found in the reference books and other information that also discussed the same topic and
theories which were related to this thesis. Then, the researcher tried to apply the theories. The theories were the theories of characters and characterization and
mother – daughter bond. In this step, the researcher gathered the information that
has been collected from the books and the internet. Third, the researcher analyzed the screenplay by answering the questions which were mentioned in the problem
formulation. The researcher applied the theories on characters and characterizations that stated in related theories to answer the first question. The
next step was answering the second question and third question by applying the theories on mother
– daughter bond and its effects. By applying the theories and approach, the researcher was able to relate and answer the questions in the
problem formulation. The last step was drawing the conclusion based on the result of the research. The conclusion would be presented at the end of this thesis.
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CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the analysis is divided into three parts. The first part analyzes the main characters, they are three women who live separately and do not have any
relationship in between in the beginning. The second part reveals the bond between the main characters and their mothers. The third part reveals how the bond between
the main characters and their mothers affects their personalities.
A. The Depiction of the Main Characters
1. Karen
The first character is Karen. Karen is fifty years old. She works as a therapist. She lives alone with her elderly mother, Nora. When she was fourteen years old, she
had a baby girl. Because of having a baby outside the wedlock in her teenage years, she had to give up her baby for adoption. Afterward, Karen lives her life with her
unsent letters for her daughter and has a bitter relationship with her mother. Karen thinks the situation that had happened to her is a disappointment for her mother. She
does not inquire about h er daughter’s existence because she is afraid that her mother
would be angry. As a person who lives with guilty feeling, Karen becomes a grumpy, difficult, and unfriendly woman. This is because she is scared of Nora, her mother.
Nora keeps everything in silence so that Karen does not know how Nora feels toward
