The novel is divided into three parts. The first part tells about Antoinette‟s
childhood; the second part tells about her marriage life; and the last part tells about her prison life in Thornfield Hall, England.
The object of the study is the varieties of English spoken by three characters of the novel Christophine, Amélie, and Daniel Cosway. Although they were not the
main characters in the novel, they have own manners of speech which are important in the novel. Hence, the writer tries to find out their variety of spoken based on the
sociolinguistic background throughout the grammar, lexical, and morphology. The data are the utterances of three characters taken from part one and part
two. Based on the writer‟s survey, the utterances of Christophine are spread in part one until part two, while Amélie and Daniel Cosway are spread only in part two.
Those two parts are enough to analyze because there are so many utterances that are indicated to the Caribbean English variety.
B. Approach of the Study
This study uses sociolinguistics as the approach of the study to analyze the data. The writer has mentioned some theories used to answer the problem
formulation. To answer the first problem, the writer uses the World English theory three circles of Kachru, New Englishes, localized form of English, and Caribbean
Englishes. The theory is used to find out the Caribbean English dialect used by the three characters. Meanwhile, for the second problem formulation, the writer uses the
theory of dialect, language varieties, and varieties of English, style variation in
English, diglossia, and post-creole continuum. Those theories are used to analyze their social influence toward the characters‟ speech.
C. Method of the study
1. Data Collection
In this study, the writer used library studies to gather the data from the utterances of Caribbean English dialect in the novel. The writer obtained the data
only from part one and part two from the three parts of the story. The reason why the writer chose those two parts because there were many Caribbean English dialects
spoken by the characters in the low class. From many characters in the novel, the writer chose three characters that are
Christophine, Amélie, and Daniel Cosway. The reason was that the Caribbean English spoken by them appeared more frequent than other characters in the novel.
For Christophine, the data were chosen in part one and part two while Amélie and Daniel Cosway were chosen only in part two.
There were some steps followed by the writer to collect the data. The first step was the writer read the novel. The purpose of this activity was to observe the
utterances or spoken used by three characters in the novel. The second step was the writer observed the information about the Caribbean
English dialect by reading some theories and some sources from internet. This activity could help the writer collect the utterances of Caribbean English dialect in the
novel.
The third step was, after reading the theories and sources, the writer divided some linguistic features used to collect the data based on the theory. Those features
were grammatical, lexical, repetition, and sociolinguistics. The fourth step was the writer started arranging some criteria of Caribbean
English dialect based on features. For the grammatical features, the criteria were their speech that had characteristic form in the copula, tenses present, past, and future,
pronoun, plural form, inflectional third person, inversion in question marks, and negation. For the lexical features, the criteria were the words or utterances that had
characteristics in
idiomatic expressions,
coinages, compounds,
semantic modification, religious terms, names of flora and fauna, dialectical terms, and
toponyms. For the repetition features, the criteria were the repetition of utterance that was being repeated in giving speeches. For sociolinguistics, the criteria were the use
of language that was correlated with dialect, medium, tenor, and domain. The last step was, after arranging the criteria, the writer started collecting the
data by gathering all utterances or speeches of Christophine, Amélie, and Daniel Cosway that were indicated as the Caribbean English dialect based on linguistic
features into the list.
2. Data Analysis
After collecting the data, the writer could make some steps to analyze each problem. There are two problems that will be analyzed by the writer. The first
problem is the kinds of Caribbean English dialects used in the novel and the second
problem is the social factors influenced by Christophine, Amélie, and Daniel Cosway. Below are some steps that are clarified to answer the problem formulation.
A. First Problem Formulation
