problem is the social factors influenced by Christophine, Amélie, and Daniel Cosway. Below are some steps that are clarified to answer the problem formulation.
A. First Problem Formulation
a. As the first step for the first problem formulation, the writer collected all
utterances of three characters based on her findings. The writer organized all utterances of Christophine, Amélie, and Daniel Cosway into the list. In order
to get the data classified, each finding of the data was given numbers. Christophine was number 1-60, Amélie was number 1-11, and Daniel Cosway
was number 1-27. The purpose of this coding was to make the data easy to classify. In the table, for example, I7C means, I for the finding of
Grammar, 1 for the finding of absence of copula, 1 for the number of data from character utterances, and A for Amélie.
b. The second step, the writer classified the utterances based on linguistic
features such as grammar, lexical, and morphology according to Aceto‟s Caribbean Englishes theory. The writer found some utterances that had
criteria based on the features. Those criteria could help the writer analyze the data. The criteria were the utterances and words that had characteristic forms
in grammar copula, tenses present, past, and future, pronoun, plural form, inflectional third person, inversion in question mark, and negation, lexical
idiomatic expression, coinages, compounds, semantic modification, religious terms, names of flora and fauna, dialectical terms, and toponyms, and
repetition.
c. In the third step, the writer organized all the data by using the table and
identifying the data based on the criteria. For the grammar analysis the absence of copula, the use of simple present or future tense to refer past form,
the absence of inflectional third person, the inversion of interrogative expression, the use of differences of personal pronouns, the use of singular for
plural form of nouns, and the use of multiple negation, the writer compared the data with the Standard English and corrected it into correct sentences
based on the Standard English structure. For the lexicon analysis idiomatic expression, coinages, compounds, semantic modification, religious terms,
names of flora and fauna, dialectical terms, and toponyms, the writer classified the words or utterances to the criteria, then identified the meaning
and counted the frequency of words and utterances that appeared in the novel. For the repetition analysis anaphora, episthrophe, symploce, and word
repetitions, the writer classified the utterances into the criteria, and then counted the frequency based on the repetition that appeared in the novel.
d. The last step, after the whole data were organized, the writer analyzed the
kinds of Caribbean English dialect that appeared in each three characters by grouping their speech into the table of features analysis and divided it into
criteria of analysis. The writer used the theory of Caribbean Englishes and theory of Localized of English to rely the first problem. The contributions of
those theories were to make the writer‟s analysis strong enough, especially for the grammar, repetition, and lexical analysis.
B. Second Problem Formulation
