The Subject and Object of Study The Method of Research

E. The Research Design

The design of research which is used by the writer is Kurt Lewin model. And as the writer has said before that the research has two cycles within each cycle consists of four phases, they are: planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The figure below is the design of Classroom Action Research according to Kurt Lewin: Figure 3.1 Kurt Lewin’s Model of Classroom Action Research 9 The figure above describes that the Classroom Action Research uses cyclone model which is carried out by using the systematic phases, started by making a planning before doing the action and then applying it by an action in the classroom or doing the classroom activity. While teaching learning activity, the real English teacher observes the teacher’s activity, students’ participation and attention and also 9 Suharsimi Arikunto, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara, 2009, p.16 PLANNING ACTING CYLCE 1 REFLECTING OBSERVING PLANNING REFLECTING ACTING CYCLE II OBSERVING ? the class condition based on the structured observation sheet. And the last, the writer does a feedback discussion with the English teacher about the results of acting phase or reflects the results of it. If there are still found any problems, the writer will improve the action in the next cycle. This cycle has also the same phases as the first cycle which have been done before. But it will be more concerned to the problems in the first cycle.

F. The Procedures of Classroom Action Research

As it has been said before that the main concept of Classroom Action Research according to Kurt Lewin consists of four phases in one cycle which are done in a line, they are: planning, acting, observing and reflecting. And after accomplishing the first cycle, it will be probably found a new problem or the previous unfinished problems yet. Hence, it is essential to continue to the second cycle with the same phases as the first cycle. And the explanation of the procedures in this Classroom Action Research will be discussed more detail as follows: 1. Planning phase The first thing to do in this research is making a planning before applying the action in the class. Firstly the writer identifies and diagnoses the students’ problems in learning English grammar, specifically in learning Degrees of Comparison by discussing it with the English teacher. Afterward, the writer makes lesson plan based on the recent used syllabus and the students’ need in order to help them in understanding the material more easily. Besides, the writer also prepares all things related to the teaching aids and research instrument that are going to be used in teaching learning process, such as: structured observation sheet, and the tests which are valid because it has been tested to other first grade class before giving to the subject of Classroom Action Research. 2. Acting phase After making the planning, the writer begins to implement it in the classroom and it is done in two meetings within each cycle. But before implementing the first meeting of cycle 1 he gives the students pretest in order to know their ability in Degrees of Comparison before he teaches them by using his technique. Afterward, he conducts the activity based on the lesson plan by concerning to the pattern and usage of Degrees of Comparison. In the second meeting he gives them the posttest in order to know are there any improvements after learning the material based on the writer’s technique. If the students’ improvement has not reached the criteria yet, he will conduct the next two meetings in cycle 2. 3. Observing phase During teaching learning activity, he asks the English teacher to observe his performance, the students’ activity, the students’ participation, the students’ attention, the students’ response and the class situation by using structured observation sheet. It means both observation and teaching learning activity are done at the same time. In this phase the writer also collects the data from the pretest and posttest which are given to the students. 4. Reflecting phase The last phase of the Classroom Action Research procedures is reflecting and it is done after conducting the acting phase. In this phase the writer analyzes and evaluates teaching learning process in cycle 1. Furthermore, he analyzes the observation data and reflects his teaching experiences during teaching learning activity; and it is done collaboratively with the English teacher. Besides, he also analyzes the students’ score of pre-test and post-test based on the successful criteria of the Classroom Action Research in order to know whether using Substitution Drills