developmental errors that young English-speaking children also produce during first language acquisition.
4
From the statement above, it can be concluded that the first three common errors of making Degrees of comparison may because the learners or the students
reflect the second language to their native language, and the last two of common errors are made by the young native English speaker during their first language
acquisition. Therefore, in order to solve this problem; especially the first three common
errors, the writer wants to try applying the suitable technique in teaching Degrees of Comparison related to the students’ need. In this case, the technique which is used is
Substitution Drills . Hopefully they will be easier to understand the material through
this technique, and finally they get more understanding about Degrees of Comparison. For the need of the research, the writer chooses the first grade of
Vocational school of Bangun Nusantara 2 as the place of study because according to the writer’s experience during teaching and learning activity, the students still find
difficulties in learning that material. Based on the background above, the writer is interested in discussing this case
under the title “Improving Students’ Ability in Forming Degrees of Comparison by Using Substitution Drills. A Classroom Action Research at the First Grade of
Accountancy Class at Vocational School of Bangun Nusantara 2 Cipondoh, Tangerang.”
B. Formulation of the Problem
To make the study easier to be understood, the writer would like to formulate the problem as follow: “Can Substitution Drills improve students’ ability in forming
Degrees of Comparison?” and “How is the students’ improvement in learning Degrees of Comparison by using Substitution Drills?”.
4
Marianne Celce-Murcia Diane Larsen-Freeman, The Grammar Book: An ESLEFL Teacher’s Course,
USA: Heinle Heinle Publisher, Inc, 1999, 2
nd
edition, p. 719
C. Objective of the Study
According to the statement above, the writer would like to conclude that the objective of this research is to improve students’ ability in learning Degrees of
Comparison and also find out the students’ average improvement after using Subtitution Drills in learning Degrees of Comparison.
D. Significance of the Study
The results or findings of this study are expected to give the contribution to the English teacher, students, the institution of SMK Bangun Nusantara 2, and
exclusively to the writer. The first, for the English teacher it is hoped to enrich his technique in teaching English subject, especially in Degrees of Comparison. The
second, for students it is expected to help them in learning Degrees of Comparison easier and get more understanding about it. The next is for the institution of
Vocational School of Bangun Nusantara 2, it can be beneficial regarding to improve their educational quality. The last is for the writer, it is hoped to enlarge his
knowledge in teaching English and also becomes a basic consideration and information to do further research in the future.
E. Organization of the Study
This writing consists of five chapters which will be discusses as follows: The first chapter explains about Introduction. It consists of five parts, they
are: Background of the Study, Formulation of the Problem, Objective of the Study, Significance of the Study and Organization of the Study.
The second chapter defines about Theoretical Framework and it is divided into three parts. Part A discusses about the General Concept of Degrees of
Comparison which is focussed on the Definition of Degrees of Comparison, the Kinds and Usage of Degrees of Comparison and the Forms and Patterns of Degrees
of Comparison. Part B discusses about the General Concept of Substitution Drills which is focussed on the Definition of Substitution Drills, the Objective of
Substitution Drills and the Procedures of Substitution Drills. The last part discusses about Teaching Degrees of Comparison by Using Substitution Drills.
The Third Chapter talks about Researh Methodology, and it contains of: the Time and Place of Study, The Subject and Object of study, the Method of Research,
the Writer’s Role on the Study, the Research Design, the Procedures of Classroom Action Research which have four phases, namely: Planning Phase, Acting Phase,
Observing Phase and Reflecting Phase. The next is the Technique of Collecting Data, the Technique of Data Analysis, the Trustworthiness of Study and the Criteria of the
Action Success. The Fourth Chapter explains about Research Findings and it has three main
parts. Firstly, Before Implementing the Action which has four items they are: the
Result of Pre interview, the Result of Pre Observation, the Result of Pre
Questionnaire and the Result of Pre Test. Secondly, the Implemantation of
Classroom Action Research which has two cycles and each cycle has four same
phases, they are: Planning, Acting, Observing and Reflecting. Thirdly, the Discussion
of the Data after Classroom Action Research which has three items, they are: the
Result of Post Interview, the Result of Post Test and the Result of Post Questionnaire.
The Fifth Chapter consists of two parts, they are: Conclusion and Suggestion from the writer based on the study which had been done. Besides, Bibliography and
Appendices are also included at the end of this skripsi.
7
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. The General Concept of Degrees of Comparison
1. The Definition of Degrees of Comparison
Before discussing the kinds and forms of Degrees of Comparison, firstly it is better to know about the definition of Degrees of Comparison. There are some
definitions about Degrees of Comparison according to some experts of English language which are stated in their books.
The term “comparison” is derived from Latin word “comparaso” meaning action of comparing, capacity for being compared”.
1
According to the Doubleday Dictionary “comparison is that inflection of adjectives or adverbs which indicates
the positive, comparative and superlative degree”.
2
Based on the two statements above it can be concluded that comparison is the way to compare things or people
in the term of capacity or quality and quantity. It is through the inflection of
1
C. T. Onions, The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, London: Oxford University Press, 1966, p. 196
2
Sidney I. Landau, The Doubleday Dictionary, New York: Doubleday Company Inc, 1975, p. 143
