collaboratively, that is to discuss further some problems occurred in the class. Thus, the reflection is able to be determined after implementing the
action and observation outcomes. If there still might have found some problems, so it needs to move to the next cycle concerning re-planning, re-
acting, and re-observing. Therefore, the unfinished problems yet could be solved.
F. The Technique of Collecting Data
Technique of collecting data in this research used qualitative data experience-based and quantitative data number-based. The qualitative data
consists of observation within the physical activity in the classroom and interview to be presented for the teacher. On the other side, the quantitative data uses pre-test
and post-test.
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The completely explanation as follows: 1. Observation
In this case, the writer uses the unstructured or opened observation, and to know the occurrence within learning process. It may be about the
teacher’s performance during Classroom Action Research CAR, class situation as grammar activity, and students’ response concerning the use of
Berlitz Method. In general, all of the need aspects that should be noticed is to make sure whether the teaching learning process in line with the lesson
plan or not. 2. Interview
Before implementing Classroom Action Research, the writer asks the teacher to know students’ difficulties in grammar skill, students’
condition involving in grammar activity, and the method or kinds of strategies usually adopted by the teacher in teaching grammar. The
interview also will be carried out after accomplishing Classroom Action Research CAR to know the teacher’s response toward the idea of Berlitz
Method in teaching grammar.
4
Suharsimi Arikunto, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, ……………………., p. 127-132.
3. Test The test used in this study is pre-test and post-test. The pre-test is
done before implementing Berlitz Method. It is to measure students’ adverbial clause of time at first. Meanwhile, the post-test is implemented
after using Berlitz Method. In this study, the test is done in form of multiple choices. The test is held on every second action of each cycle.
G. The Technique of Data Analysis
The analysis qualitative data used in this study is the observation of students’ activities during teaching learning process, and the interview before and
after Classroom Action Research CAR. In this case, the writer collected the entire data which have gained. In analyzing the numerical data, first the writer tries
to get the average of students’ grammar score per action within one cycle. It is used to know how well students’ score as a whole on grammar skill. It uses the
formula:
5
_
X : mean x : individual score
n : number of students Second, the writer tries to get the class percentage which pass the minimal
mastery level criterion KKM considering English subject gains score 75
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Sudjana, Metoda Statistika, Bandung: PT. Tarsito, 2002, p. 67.
_ ∑ x
X = ── n
seventy-five which is adapted from the school agreement in SMA N 3 Kota Tangerang Selatan, the 20102011 academic year. It uses the formula:
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P : the class percentage F : total percentage score
N : number of students Third, after getting mean of students’ score per actions, the writer identifies
whether or not there might have students’ improvement score on grammar from pre-test up to posttest score in cycle 1 and cycle 2. In analyzing that, the writer
uses the formula:
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P : percentage of students’ improvement y : pre-test result
y1 : post-test 1
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Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistis Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p. 43.
7
David E. Meltzer, The Relationship between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual Learning Gains in Physics: A Possible Hidden Variable in Diagnostic Pretest Scores, Iowa:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2008, p.3.
F P = ── X 100
N
y1 - y P = ─ ─ ─
X 100 y
y2 - y P = ─ ─ ─
X 100 y
P : percentage of students’ improvement y : pre-test result
y2 : post-test 2
H. The Validity of Data
