Identification of the Problem

easy task —especially at the beginning and intermediate levels. Furthermore, we must be able to pass ideas long smoothly and correct our self immediately when we made mistakes. Acc ording to Skehan, “speaking as one of the productive skills is also endorsed by output theory which has been claimed to force syntactic processing, test hypotheses leading to inter language development, develop automaticity, develop discourse skills and develop personal voice.” 4 In other words, speaking is seen as an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving information in order to get the particular end between speaker and listener. Based on Oxford Dictionary, speaking is simply concerning putting ideas into words to make other people grasp the message that is conveyed. 5 When people communicate with others, speaker will use some utterances in order to tell their purpose to the listener. The speaker should be able to transform their ideas into words and make sure the listener understand what he is talking about. Speaking is also depending on the context speaking being used. People learn language because they want to apply language in specific purpose. 6 For example, speaking between students is about the assignments, score and everyday situation at school. It is different if speaking used by air traffic controllers. They often speak in English to guide aircraft through the skies. It is also different with speaking used by fisherman because they often speak about the boats, weather and fish harvest among fisherman. In summary, speaking is the ability to express something in a spoken language. It is the action of providing information or expressing one‟s feeling in speech. Speaking activities commonly involves communicative conversation between the speaker, who 4 Fatemeh Hemmati Moh. H. Hoomanfard, Effect of Philosophy-Based Language Teaching on EFL Learners‟ Speaking Ability and Their Willingness to Communicate, Journal of Social Humanities , 2, 2014, p. 240. 5 Oxford University Press, Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 426. 6 Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English Language Teaching, New York: Longman, 1991, p. 2.