24
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. The Place and Time of the Study
This study took place at SMA Negeri 4 Kota Tangerang Selatan which is located at Jl. WR. Supratman Komp. Pertamina, Pondok Ranji, Ciputat Timur, Kota
Tangerang Selatan. It was conducted on the first semester 20152016 academic year.
The writer conducted this research in four weeks. It began on July 27
th
2015 and ended August 21
th
2015. In the first week, the writer did the permission to the school’s head master and observed the teaching learning process. After that on the
second until fourth week the writer gave pre-test, treatment and post-test.
B. Method and Research Design
This research was a quantitative study in terms of gathering and evaluating data. According to Creswell, a quantitative method is a method which the investigation
focus on the use of postpositive statement for developing knowledge, the use of enquiry strategies such as experiment, surveys, and collect data on predetermined
instruments to get specific statistics data.
1
Furthermore, Sugiyono also stated that quantitative research is an inquiry process of understanding based on distinct methodological traditions of inquiry that explore a
social or human problem. The researcher builds a complex, holistic, picture, analyzes words, reports detailed views of informants and conducts the study in a natural
setting.
2
Thus, this study was conducted to get empirical evidence about the effect of
1
John W. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches: Second Edition
, New York: Sage Publiication, 2003, p. 21.
2
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan; Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan RD, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013, p. 13.
using philosophical question on students’ speaking ability through administering pre- test and post-test to get the scores and to have statistics data.
In this study, the writer applied pre-experimental research as the design. Pre- experimental study is a type of evaluation which aims to determine whether a
program or intervention has the intended effect on a study of participants. Pre- experiment is the research that only has an experiment group.
3
The pre–experimental design can be figured as follows:
Group Pre-test
Treatment Post-test
Experimental O
1
X O
2
O = observationmeasurement X = treatment given to experimental group
C. Population and Sample
Population is a group of individuals who have the same characteristics, while sample is a subgroup of the target population that the researcher plans to study for the
purpose of making generalization about the target population.
4
The population of this study was all of students in second grade of SMAN 4 Kota Tangerang Selatan which consist of 392 students and are divided into ten classes, five
classes for 11 IPA and five classes for 11 IPS. The writer took one class for the experiment class as the sample. The experiment class was 11 IPA 1 which consists
of 33 students. The sampling technique that the writer used is purposive sampling because it was
the recommendation from the English teacher of SMAN 4 Kota Tangerang Selatan. It is because the class was consists of 33 students that suit to do speaking experiment.
3
John W. Creswell, Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches: Second Edition
, New York: Sage Publiication, 2003, p. 190.
4
Ibid, p. 177.
Kategori