Sulfur BUSINESS ACTIVITIES AND PROSPECTS OF THE COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

emission. Maximum sulfur content at 1 is generally acceptable level in power generation plants, but this could vary depends on the mixing options of the independent electricity generation. In the future, low-sulfur coal will be preferred by many utilities. Some of the utilities will purchase such coal to avoid the installation of flue gas desulphurization equipment, and some others will be able to mix low-sulfur with high-sulfur coal.

4. Moisture Content or Humidity

Humidity absorbs heat in the evaporation process during combustion, which is mostly lost in the flue gas. Sometimes it is something that is practical for some of the output or a particular size of faction to pass through a wet process without exceeding the specifications of the ash, thereby reducing the water content in it. Water should be added to some particular coal to reduce the environmental problems of dust coagulation in stockpile and conveyance, and in some cases to eliminate the risk of coal ignites spontaneously. Global Coal Production and Supply Most of the worlds coal production is consumed in the country where the coal is produced and exports represent the total world’s production which is relatively small. In 2009, most of the coal produced by the United States and China, two of the biggest coal producers in the world, consumed domestically. In contrast, Indonesias coal industry is highly dependent on export trade with the use of sea freight. Indonesia is the biggest thermal coal exporter in the world in 2009, with estimated total exports at 178 million tones. That export quantity achieved approximately 26 of estimated thermal coal export trade in the world in 2009. After two years of high export growth, which was respectively 9.2 and 6.8 in 2004 and 2005, the supply of global thermal coal exports grew by 4.9 to be 590 million tons in 2006. Global thermal coal exports are expected to rise to 721 million tons in 2020. - Coal mining method The selection of mining method is highly determined by the geological elements of coal deposits. The use of the most appropriate mining techniques is determined by the characteristics of the coal layers such as location, depth and amount of economically mineable coal reserves. In general, thick coal layer which is located close to the surface is easier to be mined than thin coal layer located far under the ground. The coal is mined using