become everything that one is capable of becoming. This need emerges after reasonable satisfaction of the love and the esteem
needs” 42.
f. The Desire to Know and to Understand
“ A character of mental health is curiosity”. Maslow also says that,
“ this process has been phrased by some as the search for meaning.
We shall postulate a desire to understand, to systematize, to organize, to analyze, to looks for relations and meanings, to
construct a system values” 43.
g. The Aesthetic Needs
The aesthetic needs are related to one’s self image. Maslow says, “
People have an instinctual, or instinctoid, need for beauty’s beauty helps one to be healthier” 44.
2. Theory of Psychoanalysis
Rohrberger and Woods say that, “the modern psychological movement received its greatest impetus from Freud” 13 – 14. They state
Freud’s theory about psychoanalysis. Freud explores that, “the unconscious area of human mind is the area of man’s rich imagination, his
capacity for creation, the complexity of his thought and behaviour” 13. Hall and Lindzey in Theories of Personality, quotes Freud’s theory
of psychoanalysis, namely, “a person’s personality is made up of three
major systems, the id, the ego, and the superego” 22 – 26. The explanation of each system is as follows:
a. The Id
The Id is the original system of personality. It is the matrix which differentiates the ego and the superego. The Id consists of
everything psychological that is present of birth. If the Id experiences the increases of energy or uncomfortable states of
tension, it will discharge the tension immediately and return the organism’s low energy level. The Id is considered as the
unconscious part of the person’s personality.
b. The Ego
The ego is formed as the results of the organism needs for appropriate transactions with the objective world of reality and
known as the conscious part of a person’s personality. It distinguishes between things in the mind and things in the external
world. The ego itself the organized portion of the Id and it exists to forward the aims of the Id.
In Psychology of the Child written by Watson and Lindgren, the Id’s aim is the gratification of its impulses with no
sense of morality, logic or unity of purpose. The major function of the Id is to provide free uninhibited discharge of energy. The ego
never becomes completely independent of the Id 46.
c. The Superego
The superego is the moral part of personality, which represents the ideal which strives for perfection rather than the real.
It is interpreted to the child by his parents which is enforced by means of a system of rewards and punishment which final purpose
is to meet the ideals of society. The three main functions of the superego are to inhibit the
impulses of the Id, to persuade the ego to substitute moralistic goals for realistic ones and to strive for perfection.
The personality normally functions as a whole rather than as three separate segments. The readers may consider the Id as the
biological component of personality, the ego as the psychological component and the superego as the social component.
3. Theory of Social Influence on One’s Behaviour
