14
B. Theoretical Framework
This is a study of SMP Joannes Bosco Science teachers’ perception on the
implementation of bilingual education. This research is also about the implementation of bilingual education especially for Science class at SMP
Joannes Bosco. Perception theory according to some experts as stated in the first main
point helps the researcher to understand the meaning of perception in order to answer the first research problem. By using the theory stated by Altman, Valenzi,
and Hodgetts 1985 regarding some factors that can affect the perception, the researcher would like to analyze the factors which can affect the data toward
Science teacher s’ perception on bilingual education at SMP Joannes Bosco.
Science teachers can have different perceptions in perceiving the bilingual education for SMP Joannes Bosco students.
There are three types of teacher s’ thought are identified by Clark and
Petersen as cited in Muijis Reynolds, 2011. This theory helps the researcher in identifying the Science teachers
’ understanding of bilingual education. While in answering the second research question, the researcher uses the
theory of bilingual education stated by Hamers and Blanc 1990 in order to explain the teachers’ language at Science class activities. The researcher also uses
the theories of the bilingual education implementation in teaching-learning activities stated by McNeil and Wiles 1990 about media as the learning tool.
Another theory used by the researcher is about teachers’ knowledge stated by Muijis and Reynolds 2011.
15 These theories help the researcher to understand the fact of the bilingual
education implementation that may occur in SMP Joannes Bosco as one of the potential schools which is developing to be a bilingual school. The theory of the
bilingual education implementation also helps the researcher in identifying a practical teaching strategy in Science class that has to be observed at SMP
Joannes Bosco.
16
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into six sections. They are the research method, research setting, research participants, instruments and data gathering technique,
data analysis technique, and research procedure.
A. Research Method
In order to find out the answers to the research questions stated in Chapter I, an appropriate way for the researcher to gain such data was a survey research.
The purpose of the survey research was to describe a characteristic of a population. The resear
cher would like to investigate Science teachers’ perception on the implementation of bilingual education for Science class at SMP Joannes
Bosco. The researcher used a qualitative method in order to gain the detailed
description. According to Babbie 1973, survey research can use a qualitative e.g. ask open-ended questions or a quantitative method.
Fraenkel and Wallen 2009 describe that the survey research had three major characteristics.
The major characteristics were collecting information from a group of people in order to describe some characteristics, collecting information
through asking some questions, and collecting information from a sample rather than from every member of the population. Covering the population at SMP
Joannes Bosco as the research participants and the limited time for doing the observation at SMP Joannes Bosco, cluster sampling was appropriate for this
17 research. The population of this research was all of the bilingual teachers in SMP
Joannes Bosco and the sample of this research was the Science teachers in SMP Joannes Bosco who taught the seventh grade students.
B. Research Setting
This research was conducted at SMP Joannes Bosco, Jl. Melati Wetan No.51, Yogyakarta. The collecting data started when the seventh grade students
VII Freedom of SMP Joannes Bosco year academic 20112012 were in the second semester.
C. Research Participants
The participants of this research were three Science teachers who taught seventh grade students at SMP Joannes Bosco. Science teachers at SMP Joannes
Bosco were the teachers who taught Physics, Biology, and Chemistry. VII Freedom class is recommended for the researcher to do the observation when the
Science teachers were teaching Science in that class.
D. Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
There were three instruments used by the researcher. The types of the instruments used in this survey research were an interview guideline, a
questionnaire, and observation sheets.
18
1. Interview Guideline
The first instrument was an interview guideline. Based on Borg and Gall 1983, the collection data through an interview in survey research was a unique
method to obtain more data which involved direct verbal interaction between individuals. Babbie 1973 describes that the interviewer in survey research
should be a neutral medium in holding the interview so that the interviewer’s presence would not affect the respondents’ perception of the given questions.
Before holding the interview, the researcher arranged an interview guideline which consisted of questions that have to be asked to the Physics, Biology, and
Chemistry teachers in SMP Joannes Bosco. The interview was about the Science teachers’ past experience related to bilingual education, Science teachers’
expectations on bilingual education, Science t eachers’ understanding on bilingual
education, and Science teachers’ perception on Science teaching-learning
activities as a bilingual class. The purpose of the interview was to determine the answer to the first research question as stated in the Chapter I. The first research
problem was about the Science teachers’ perception on the bilingual education implementation.
2. Questionnaire
The second instrument was the questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to Physics, Biology, and Chemistry teachers. The form of the
questionnaire was a close-ended form. Borg and Gall 1983 reveal that the possible answer to a close-ended questionnaire is known and few in number. The
researcher developed the questionnaire based on the rules of questionnaire format
Kategori