Theoretical Framework REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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1. Interview Guideline

The first instrument was an interview guideline. Based on Borg and Gall 1983, the collection data through an interview in survey research was a unique method to obtain more data which involved direct verbal interaction between individuals. Babbie 1973 describes that the interviewer in survey research should be a neutral medium in holding the interview so that the interviewer’s presence would not affect the respondents’ perception of the given questions. Before holding the interview, the researcher arranged an interview guideline which consisted of questions that have to be asked to the Physics, Biology, and Chemistry teachers in SMP Joannes Bosco. The interview was about the Science teachers’ past experience related to bilingual education, Science teachers’ expectations on bilingual education, Science t eachers’ understanding on bilingual education, and Science teachers’ perception on Science teaching-learning activities as a bilingual class. The purpose of the interview was to determine the answer to the first research question as stated in the Chapter I. The first research problem was about the Science teachers’ perception on the bilingual education implementation.

2. Questionnaire

The second instrument was the questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered to Physics, Biology, and Chemistry teachers. The form of the questionnaire was a close-ended form. Borg and Gall 1983 reveal that the possible answer to a close-ended questionnaire is known and few in number. The researcher developed the questionnaire based on the rules of questionnaire format 19 by Borg and Gall 1983. The participants answered the questionnaire by giving a check sign under the phrase that described their opinion. The answer to the questions of the questionnaire was in the phrase; Sangat Tidak Setuju STS for strongly disagree, Tidak Setuju TS for disagree, Setuju S for agree, and Sangat Setuju SS for strongly agree. The questionnaire for the Science teachers was conducted in a rating scale in order to assess how the Science teachers’ teaching motivation in the bilingual teaching- learning activity, Science teachers’ language in providing learning material and media for the students, and Science teachers’ language in the bilingual teaching-learning activity. The purpose of the questionnaire for Science teachers was to investigate the answer to the second research question as stated in Chapter I. By administering the questionnaire, the researcher would like to describe how the bilingual education is implemented in the teaching-learning activity for Science class at SMP Joannes Bosco.

3. Observation Sheet

Borg and Gall 1983 note that by only using the questionnaire and interview for a survey research, the respondents tend to bias the data they offer about their selves. Therefore the researcher needed an observation to overcome this problem. Besides the questionnaire, in order to answer the second research question as stated in Chapter I, the researcher conducted some observations so that the bilingual teaching-learning activity in the Science could be observed naturally. The advantage of using a natural observation according to Borg and Gall 1983 20 was that the natural observation could be used in natural setting. Natural observation also was often used in educational research to study classroom behavior. The observation focused on the Science teachers’ implementation of bilingual education in teaching-learning activities. The implementation was about the teachers’ language in the bilingual teaching-learning activity such as in greeting, opening, asking previous topic, introducing material, closing, explaining the material, giving reinforcement, giving instructions for the assignment or discussion, giving a command and asking a question to the students.

E. Data Analysis Technique

The first step in analyzing the data was analyzing the interview results. The researcher analyzed the positive answer to the interview from the bilingual teachers at SMP Joannes Bosco as the positive teachers’ perception on the bilingual education. Here is the blueprint table of the interview guideline. Table 1.1 Blueprint of the Interview Guideline Aspects Statements Number of Items A situation that person’s familiarity with, expectations about, or past experience is another factor affecting the perception. Altman, Valenzi, and Hodgetts, 1985 Science Teachers’ Bilingual Education Experience - Science teachers’ past experience related to the implementation of bilingual education. Pengalaman guru Sains berkaitan dengan implementasi pendidikan bilingual.

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