Vocabulary Coverage of Private Course book 2

Figure 4.3 The Percentage of Tokens from Each Word List in Each Part of Official Course book 2s VIII From figure 4.3, it can also be concluded that in every part of the book, except chapter 5 and 13, the percentage of token, type, word family in GSL500 is bigger than those in GSL800. And the percentage of token, type, word family in GSL800 is bigger than those in GSL1000.

4. Vocabulary Coverage of Private Course book 2

The data shown below are the results after running RANGE over the all parts of the course book corpus. This includes chapter 1-19. Based on the data analysis, the vocabulary coverage of the course book is as follows. Table 4.10 Vocabulary Coverage of Private Course book 2 Private Course book 2 Book 4 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 2213867.39 75221.44 444 300 words 1719 5.23 317 9.04 210 200 words 678 2.06 163 4.65 113 Not in the list 831525.31 227564.87 NA Total 32850 3507 767 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 The Percentage of Tokens from Each Word List in Each Part of Official Course book 2s VIII Not in the list GSL1000 GSL800 GSL500 Based on the result, the corpus covers 32,850 tokens, and consisting of 3,507 types from overall parts of the course book. The second and third row shows that 23,857 tokens 72.62 from overall tokens in the course book are found in the list of the first 800 words from A General Service List of English Words GSL800. Then, 1,069 types found in the GSL800 list are made up 30.48 of all types in the corpus, and 654 word families are represented. The learning opportunity of the new vocabulary is obtained from the wordlist “not in the list ”, only covering 8,315 25.31 tokens and 2,275 64.87 types found in the course book. In the corpus, 72.62 of the tokens are covered in the first 800 words of English GSL800. This result indicated that Private Course book 2 is quite appropriately aimed for students in the 2 nd year of the beginning level of learning English. English is not a compulsory subject in elementary school. English is first introduced formally in junior high schools as a compulsory subject. In the 2 nd year of starting level of learning English, 3,507 types and 1,000 word families are not too demanding since most of them 1,069 types and 767 word families are found in GSL1000 created by Bauman and Culligan. This means that the contents are accessible enough to students whose vocabulary knowledge is within the range. Therefore, this makes this course book suitable for those who are in hisher 2 nd years of learn English in Junior High School. This course book also provides adequate learning opportunity for students to learn new vocabulary outside first 800 words of English. The learning opportunity PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI is obtained from the “not in the list” list of the course book which cover 8,315 25.31 tokens and 2,275 64.87 types. As same as the previous book being researched, Private Course book 2 gives number of new words showed by how significant the number of types in the not listed category but not being followed by adequate number of frequency which makes those useful new words become less remembered by students. However, huge number of types found in “not in the list” list indicated that this book provide various new vocabularies for above 2 nd grade Junior High School level. This course book only provide 654 81.75 out of 800 word families for 2 nd grade of Junior High School, or 767 76.7 out of 1,000 word families for junior high school level, which considered as a lack number of words families. The level for a very good basis for language use and for productive use in speaking and writing has at least 72 of first 1.000 word families, 80 for 2,000 word families and 84 for 3,000 word families Brown Corpus. Therefore, students need to use several supplementary English books or worksheets in producing speaking and writing active English to improve their vocabulary size and text coverage. According to Hwang and Nation 1995, if the students have vocabulary knowledge of 2,000 most frequent word families, they will recognize easily 84 of the words in various texts. Moreover, to understand in reading, the students should recognize 95 of words in the text. It means that they require vocabulary size of 3,000 word families. Based on the number of word families from the course book, it will be impossible for students to recognize at least 84 of the words in authentic texts. Even if the students are able to acquire all token of PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI GSL1000 from this course book, it only covered 74.68 of all tokens in the book. It does not surpass the percentage of 95. To achieve 95 of text coverage, the course book needs to be supplemented by other books which help students acquire a higher level of vocabulary size. Some treatments should be done to the students such as giving some activities to introduce the vocabulary from “not in the list‟ list. The requirement of incidental learning of vocabulary is proposed by Nation and Meara 2002. This course book does not meet the criteria of incidental learning because incidental learning requires students to know 98 tokens in the course book Hu Nation, 2000. It is assumed that students only recognize tokens in GSL500 and GSL800. Then, this course book does not support incidental learning as it only covers 72,62 tokens. Furthermore, Hu and Nation also explain that students need to receive large number of input, at least one million tokens or more per year. However, the course book offers 32,850 tokens for a yearlong course. Then, students need to learn the unknown words in the course book deliberately to increase the learning. Unfortunately, the course book only provide small portion of any vocabulary exercise for deliberate learning. However, students can still learn the vocabulary in the course book incidentally if they receive more input from other sources and have opportunities to learn the vocabulary deliberately. It is expected that their tokens coverage increase to 98 in order to enable incidental learning. Table 4.11 RANGE’s Result of Each Chapter in Private Course book 2 CH 1 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 90770.80 21858.45 178 300 words 80 6.25 34 9.12 30 200 words 32 2.50 8 2.14 8 Not in the list 26220.45 11330.29 NA Total 1281 373 216 CH2 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 49466.40 15552.54 126 300 words 42 5.65 25 8.47 23 200 words 7 0.94 5 1.69 5 Not in the list 20127.02 11037.29 NA Total 744 295 154 CH3 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 66368.00 15450.16 129 300 words 82 8.41 3712.05 34 200 words 19 1.95 11 3.58 10 Not in the list 21121.64 10534.20 NA Total 975 307 173 CH4 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 72267.86 15747.87 138 300 words 43 4.04 24 7.32 22 200 words 25 2.35 14 4.27 12 Not in the list 27425.75 13340.55 NA Total 1064 328 172 CH5 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 101563.28 22751.47 189 300 words 109 6.80 39 8.84 37 200 words 44 2.74 22 4.99 20 Not in the list 43627.18 15334.69 NA Total 1604 441 246 CH6 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 100164.62 18447.18 155 300 words 73 4.71 33 8.46 31 200 words 36 2.32 15 3.85 15 Not in the list 43928.34 15840.51 NA Total 1549 390 201 CH7 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 132163.94 22741.42 184 300 words 80 3.87 52 9.49 47 200 words 37 1.79 20 3.65 20 Not in the list 62830.40 24945.44 NA Total 2066 548 251 CH8 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 125974.99 20448.34 171 300 words 72 4.29 36 8.53 34 200 words 29 1.73 19 4.50 18 Not in the list 31919.00 16338.63 NA Total 1679 422 223 CH9 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 125770.74 24147.63 193 300 words 82 4.61 43 8.50 40 200 words 32 1.80 21 4.15 18 Not in the list 40622.85 20139.72 NA Total 1777 506 251 CH10 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 76570.57 16546.35 136 300 words 51 4.70 3810.67 30 200 words 26 2.40 19 5.34 19 Not in the list 24222.32 13437.64 NA Total 1084 356 185 CH11 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 72870.34 19049.35 165 300 words 52 5.02 38 9.87 35 200 words 20 1.93 12 3.12 11 Not in the list 23522.71 14537.66 NA Total 1035 385 211 CH12 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 128155.17 23230.09 198 300 words 148 6.37 61 7.91 54 200 words 44 1.89 24 3.11 23 Not in the list 84936.56 45458.88 NA Total 2322 771 275 CH13 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 114767.95 24643.01 197 300 words 88 5.21 49 8.57 44 200 words 28 1.66 24 4.20 22 Not in the list 42525.18 25344.23 NA Total 1688 572 263 CH14 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 90362.06 21139.74 183 300 words 102 7.01 50 9.42 44 200 words 25 1.72 19 3.58 18 Not in the list 42529.21 25147.27 NA Total 1455 531 245 CH15 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 138269.97 28247.08 214 300 words 76 3.85 54 9.02 44 200 words 51 2.58 33 5.51 29 Not in the list 46623.59 23038.40 NA Total 1975 599 287 CH16 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 232272.29 38244.01 286 300 words 145 4.51 9010.37 79 200 words 50 1.56 34 3.92 31 Not in the list 69521.64 36241.71 NA Total 3212 868 396 CH17 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 76071.16 18650.68 160 300 words 45 4.21 28 7.63 28 200 words 18 1.69 10 2.72 10 Not in the list 24522.94 14338.96 NA Total 1068 367 198 CH18 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 142366.31 24245.40 202 300 words 105 4.89 53 9.94 48 200 words 53 2.47 21 3.94 21 Not in the list 56526.33 21740.71 NA Total 2146 533 271 CH19 Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 278867.57 35142.96 265 300 words 244 5.91 9511.63 82 200 words 102 2.47 45 5.51 39 Not in the list 99224.04 32639.90 NA Total 4126 817 386 T O T A L CH ALL Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families 500 words 2213867.39 75221.44 444 300 words 1719 5.23 317 9.04 210 200 words 678 2.06 163 4.65 113 Not in the list 831525.31 227564.87 NA Total 32850 3507 767 The data from each chapter shows that most of the tokens 61-79, types 38-67 and word families 147-365 are found in GSL800. It can be interpreted that the chapter 1- 13 provide general vocabulary that students are common with. Moreover, these chapters will be okay to understand by beginner students. Chapter 1-19 also provides big portion to learn more vocabularies outside 1,000 most frequent English. It has 20-38 tokens and 42-62 types. Thus, it is expected that students have opportunity to learn those tokens, types and word families. Recognizing all tokens in GSL500 and GSL800 does not bring enough understanding for unassisted reading. It only covers 72.62 text coverage, still high but not pass 95. The data analysis result in each chapter shows that all of the chapters have not reached the appropriate level vocabulary coverage of 95. The detailed percentage is shown in table 4.12 as follows. Table 4.12 Vocabulary Coverage and Learning Opportunity of each Chapter Chapter Word Lists Tokens Types Word Families of 800 Words Learning Opportunity 1 GSL800 98777.05 25267.57 208 26.00 22.95 2 GSL800 53672.05 18061.01 149 18.62 27.95 3 GSL800 74576.41 19162.21 163 20.37 23.59 4 GSL800 76571.90 18155.19 160 20.00 28.10 5 GSL800 112470.08 26660.31 226 28.25 29.92 6 GSL800 107469.33 21755.64 186 23.25 30.67 7 GSL800 140167.81 27950.91 231 28.87 32.19 8 GSL800 133179.28 24056.87 205 25.62 20.72 9 GSL800 133975.35 28456.13 233 29.12 24.65 10 GSL800 81675.27 20357.02 166 20.75 24.73 11 GSL800 78075.36 22859.22 200 25.00 24.64 12 GSL800 142961.54 29338.00 252 31.50 38.46 13 GSL800 123573.16 29551.58 241 30.12 26.84 14 GSL800 100569.07 26149.16 227 28.37 30.93 15 GSL800 145873.82 33656.10 258 32.25 26.18 16 GSL800 246776.80 47254.38 365 45.62 23.20 17 GSL800 80575.37 21458.31 188 23.50 24.63 18 GSL800 152871.21 29555.34 250 31.25 28.79 19 GSL800 303273.48 44654.59 347 43.37 26.52 The highest vocabulary coverage is found in chapter 8 79,28. It comes from GSL800, the most 800 frequent English words. However, the appropriate level of 95 is not achieved in chapter 8. Since the Eight grade of Junior High School students are not in the beginning learning English, it is suitable for them to learn more tokens outside GSL800. In the other hand, chapter 12 become the most difficult part in the book. Chapter 12 learns about comparative and superlative. It has deals with many terms about comparing something. Therefore, it gives 38.46 new tokens that will let students to learn new vocabularies excluded from GSL800. Teachers have to give bigger effort to reach the level of 95 vocabulary coverage. The tokens from word lists outside GSL800 must be taught in pre teaching activity. On other words, it can be concluded that all of the chapters need pre teaching of tokens in word list ”not in the list‟ in order to achieve the appropriate level of 95. Chapter 12 38.46 is the most difficult part among all chapters. However, it has the biggest learning opportunity of all the chapters. It means that this section provides big learning opportunity outside the most 800 frequent English words. It is good consideration since students is not in the beginning learning and those PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI words will enrich students. Furthermore, those words can help students in recognizing word in the text. On the other hand, the smallest learning opportunity is found in chapter 8 20.72. Most of tokens used in chapter 8 found in GSL800. Thus, it is not highly demanding for students and they only get small learning opportunity. Fortunately, all of the chapters show that GSL500GSL800 GSL1000. See the figure below. Figure 4.4 The Percentage of Tokens from Each Word List in Each Part of Private Course book 2 From figure 4.4, it can also be concluded that in every part of the book, except chapter 5 and 13, the percentage of token, type, word family in GSL500 is bigger than those in GSL800. And the percentage of token, type, word family in GSL800 is bigger than those in GSL1000.

5. Further Discussion